Bone extension, also known as bone lengthening, is a medical procedure that aims to correct the disproportion or unevenness of the bones in the body.
This procedure involves the gradual stretching of the bone using specialized equipment, resulting in increased bone length and improved alignment.
How Bone Extension Works
Bone extension begins with a surgical procedure in which an external or internal fixation device is attached to the bone.
The device comprises of pins, screws, and wires that are anchored to the bone, enabling small increments of lengthening to be made at regular intervals.
The external devices are typically worn on the outside of the skin and are easily visible, while internal devices are implanted inside the bone and are not visible on the surface.
Both types of devices serve the same function and are used interchangeably depending on the severity and location of the deformity.
Types of Bone Extension
There are two main types of bone extension: distraction osteogenesis and callus distraction.
Distraction Osteogenesis
Distraction osteogenesis is a technique used to lengthen the bone by gradually stretching it over time. This process involves the controlled distraction of the bone in small increments, allowing new bone to grow in the gap created by the stretching.
The lengthening process is carried out in small increments, usually a millimeter a day. The patient’s body slowly generates new bone tissue, closing the gap created by the stretching.
Once the gap has been closed, the process is complete, and the device is removed, leaving the patient with a longer, straighter bone.
Callus Distraction
Callus distraction is a technique used to repair bone defects or fractures through gradual stretching of the bone.
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Osteosynthesis: How It Works
This process involves creating a small gap in the bone, which stimulates the production of new bone tissue, which eventually fills the gap.
The lengthening process is carried out in small increments of 1 millimeter per day. The callus tissue that forms at the site of the gap becomes mechanically stimulated as the bone is stretched, promoting the quicker and more robust growth of new bone.
Conditions Treated with Bone Extension
Bone extension is useful in correcting congenital and acquired bone conditions like:.
- Bone deformity
- Achondroplasia
- Leg length discrepancy
- Fractures
- Pseudoarthrosis
- Non-union from infection or bone loss
Risks Involved with Bone Extension
Like any surgical procedure, there are risks involved with bone extension. These risks could be:.
- Infection
- Blood clots in the legs
- Difficulty healing
- Nerve damage
- Vascular damage
- Malalignment of the bone
Patients undergoing bone extension must be carefully monitored, and proper precautions must be taken to avoid complications.
Recovery Time for Bone Extension
Recovery time for bone extension varies depending on the severity of the procedure and the patient’s overall health. However, most patients can expect full recovery within six months to a year.
During the recovery process, regular physical therapy sessions are required to help the bone regain strength and function.
Conclusion
Bone extension is a medical procedure that corrects bone deformities and addresses other conditions related to bone length or defects.
The first step in undergoing bone extension is to consult a qualified medical professional to understand the procedure’s risks and benefits fully.
With proper monitoring and precautions, patients can expect to see significant improvements in their bone structure and function after undergoing bone extension.
