Heart failure is a serious medical condition that occurs when the heart’s ability to pump blood diminishes, leading to a reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues.

It is a prevalent health problem worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. However, certain groups of individuals have been found to have a lower risk of developing heart failure compared to others.

1. Women

Research has consistently found that women, particularly younger women, have a lower risk of heart failure compared to men.

This may be attributed to several factors such as hormonal influences, differences in heart structure and function, and variations in risk factors. For instance, women tend to have a higher concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is considered “good” cholesterol and helps protect against heart disease.

2. Individuals of African Descent

Interestingly, individuals of African descent, particularly those of West African ancestry, have been found to have a lower risk of heart failure compared to other racial and ethnic groups.

It is unclear what specific factors contribute to this observation, but genetics and differences in socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and lifestyle factors have been suggested as potential explanations.

3. Individuals with Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats like olive oil, has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease and heart failure.

Several studies have reported that adhering to this dietary pattern is associated with reduced inflammation, improved lipid profiles, and better overall cardiovascular health, contributing to a decreased risk of heart failure.

4. Physically Active Individuals

Regular physical activity has long been recognized as a protective factor against heart disease and heart failure.

Engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, for at least 150 minutes per week can significantly reduce the risk of developing heart failure. Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, lowers blood pressure, improves cholesterol levels, and enhances heart function.

5. Non-smokers

Smoking is a known risk factor for heart disease and heart failure. People who smoke are at a higher risk of developing heart failure compared to non-smokers.

The chemicals present in tobacco smoke damage the blood vessels, promote the formation of blood clots, increase blood pressure, and reduce the amount of oxygen delivered to the body’s tissues. Quitting smoking is crucial for both preventing heart failure and improving overall cardiovascular health.

6. Moderate Alcohol Consumers

While heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to a lower risk in some studies.

Moderate alcohol consumption is defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. It is important to note that excessive alcohol intake can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, a condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged, increasing the risk of heart failure.

7. Individuals with Normal Blood Pressure

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for heart failure. Individuals with normal blood pressure levels have a lower risk compared to those with elevated blood pressure.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, weight management, and limited sodium intake can help maintain normal blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart failure.

8. Diabetes Management

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes sugar (glucose). Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to an increased risk of heart failure.

However, individuals who effectively manage their diabetes through a combination of medication, regular blood sugar monitoring, healthy eating, and physical activity can reduce their risk of heart failure and other cardiovascular complications.

9. Individuals with Good Mental Health

Mental health plays a role in overall well-being, including heart health. Several studies have shown an association between negative psychological factors like chronic stress, anxiety, and depression and an increased risk of heart failure.

On the other hand, individuals with good mental health, a positive outlook, and effective stress management techniques tend to have a lower risk of heart failure.

10. Individuals with Access to Quality Healthcare

Access to quality healthcare services is crucial in preventing and managing heart failure. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up care can significantly decrease the risk of complications and optimize patient outcomes.

Individuals with good access to healthcare, including regular medical check-ups, preventive screenings, and access to medications, are more likely to have a lower risk of heart failure.