Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, ranks as the third most common cancer in the world.

According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), about 149,500 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed in 2021 in the United States alone, and about 52,980 people will die from it.

The good news is that colon cancer is highly treatable when detected early. Screening is the key to early detection, but many people avoid colonoscopies because of fear, discomfort, or embarrassment.

Fortunately, there are alternative screening methods that are less invasive and more convenient.

1. Stool Tests

Stool tests are non-invasive tests that check for microscopic blood in the stool, a sign of colon cancer. The two types of stool tests are:.

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

The FIT test detects human blood in the stool using antibodies. It is a simple test that can be done at home. You collect a small stool sample in a container and send it to a laboratory. The laboratory analyzes the sample for blood.

If there is blood in your stool, a colonoscopy is usually recommended to find the source of the bleeding.

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

The FOBT test also detects blood in the stool, but it uses a chemical reaction to find blood. The test requires three stool samples collected on different days. The samples are sent to a laboratory for analysis.

If blood is detected, a colonoscopy is recommended.

2. DNA Tests

DNA tests analyze stool samples for certain genetic mutations that are associated with colon cancer. These tests are also known as stool DNA tests or multi-target stool DNA tests (MT-sDNA).

The most commonly used stool DNA test is Cologuard. This test checks for blood and DNA changes in the cells of the colon. You collect a stool sample at home and send it to a laboratory for analysis.

If the test results are positive, a colonoscopy is recommended.

3. Imaging Tests

Imaging tests use various technologies to create images of the inside of the colon and rectum. The two types of imaging tests are:.

Computed tomography colonography (CTC)

CTC is also known as virtual colonoscopy. It uses a CT scanner to create 3D images of the colon and rectum. The procedure is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy and does not require sedation.

However, if any abnormalities are found, a colonoscopy may be necessary to remove polyps or take biopsies.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) colonography

MRI colonography uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to create detailed images of the colon and rectum. Like CTC, it is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy and does not require sedation.

However, it is more expensive and time-consuming than CTC.

4. Sigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the rectum and lower part of the colon. It does not require sedation and is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy.

However, it only examines the lower part of the colon, so it may miss abnormalities in the upper part of the colon.

5. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

A digital rectal exam (DRE) is a physical exam in which a doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities, such as lumps or growths.

While it is not a specific test for colon cancer, it is a quick and easy way to detect rectal abnormalities and may prompt further testing.

Conclusion

Colon cancer is a serious disease that can be prevented or treated with early detection through screening. There are several non-invasive methods available for colon cancer screening, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Consult with your doctor to determine which screening method is right for you based on your medical history, family history, and personal preferences.