Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the colon or rectum. It is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.

According to the American Cancer Society, about 149,500 new cases of colon cancer and 52,980 deaths from the disease will occur in the United States in 2021.

Risk Factors for Colon Cancer

There are numerous risk factors that can increase a person’s chance of developing colon cancer. Some of these factors are modifiable, meaning they can be changed or controlled, while others are non-modifiable.

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Age

Colon cancer is most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 50. In fact, more than 90% of cases occur in people over age 50.

Personal History of Colon Polyps or Cancer

If you have previously had colon cancer or certain types of colon polyps, your risk of developing the disease increases.

Family History of Colon Cancer

If one or more first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, or children) have had colon cancer, your risk of developing the disease increases. The risk is even higher if the relative was diagnosed before age 50.

Inherited Genetic Syndromes

Some inherited genetic syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), can increase your risk of developing colon cancer.

Modifiable Risk Factors

Obesity

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer, particularly in men.

Diet

A diet that is high in red and processed meats, and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables can increase your risk of developing colon cancer.

Inactivity

Lack of physical activity is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.

Tobacco and Alcohol Use

Smoking tobacco and heavy alcohol consumption can both increase your risk of developing colon cancer.

Diabetes

People with type 2 diabetes may have an increased risk of developing colon cancer.

Conclusion

Colon cancer is a serious disease that can be prevented or detected early through regular screening.

While some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, there are modifiable risk factors that can be addressed to reduce your risk of developing colon cancer. Consider making lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, not smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption, to help reduce your risk of developing colon cancer.