Fractures are one of the most common orthopedic problems faced by people, especially the elderly. Several factors like age, nutrition, physical activity, and genetics contribute to the risk of fractures.

However, little do people know that the intake of certain drugs can also increase the risk of fractures. Here are some commonly used drugs that may increase the chances of fractures.

1. Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are drugs that help in reducing inflammation and pain. They are commonly prescribed for conditions like arthritis, asthma, allergies, and other autoimmune conditions.

However, prolonged use of corticosteroids can cause thinning of bones leading to bone fractures. They can also reduce the absorption of calcium and vitamin D, essential nutrients for bone health. It is advised to take regular bone density tests while on corticosteroid therapy and to take sufficient calcium and vitamin D supplements.

2. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

PPIs are widely used to treat acid reflux, heartburn, and other gastrointestinal problems. They work by reducing the production of stomach acid. However, long-term use of PPIs can lead to decreased absorption of calcium, which in turn can weaken bones.

It is advised to take PPIs only when needed and for the shortest duration possible. Regular calcium and vitamin D intake and regular weight-bearing exercises can help in reducing the risk of fractures.

3. Antidepressants

Antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly prescribed for depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.

However, studies have shown that these drugs can lead to an increased risk of bone fractures. It is advised to discuss the risks and benefits of these drugs with the healthcare provider and to take regular bone density tests.

4. Antihypertensives

Antihypertensive drugs like beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics are commonly used to control high blood pressure. However, long-term use of these drugs can cause depletion of calcium and vitamin D leading to weak bones and fractures.

It is advised to take regular calcium and vitamin D supplements and to maintain an active lifestyle.

5. Anticonvulsants

Anticonvulsants are drugs used to treat seizures in people with epilepsy and other neurological conditions. However, these drugs can interfere with the absorption of calcium and vitamin D, leading to weak bones and fractures.

People on anticonvulsant therapy are advised to take regular calcium and vitamin D supplements and to maintain an active lifestyle.

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6. Opioids

Opioids are potent painkillers commonly used to treat acute and chronic pain. However, prolonged use of these drugs can lead to decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.

It is advised to use opioids only when needed and for the shortest duration possible. Regular bone density tests and regular calcium and vitamin D intake can reduce the risk of fractures.

7. Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin are commonly used to treat blood clots and prevent stroke. However, these drugs can increase the risk of fractures due to their blood-thinning properties.

It is essential to use these drugs only as prescribed and to take regular calcium and vitamin D supplements.

8. Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids are drugs used to control inflammation in conditions like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune disorders. These drugs can cause thinning of bones and lead to fractures.

It is advised to take regular bone density tests and to take calcium and vitamin D supplements while on glucocorticoid therapy.

9. Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants like corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporine are used to treat autoimmune disorders and prevent organ rejection after transplant surgery. However, these drugs can cause bone loss and increase the risk of fractures.

It is advised to take regular bone density tests and to take calcium and vitamin D supplements while on immunosuppressant therapy.

10. Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. However, over-replacement of thyroid hormones can lead to bone loss and increase the risk of fractures.

It is essential to monitor the thyroid hormone levels regularly and to take sufficient calcium and vitamin D supplements while on therapy.

Conclusion

While drugs are essential in treating certain medical conditions, it is crucial to be aware of their potential side effects like bone loss and fractures.

People on these drugs are advised to take regular bone density tests and to take sufficient calcium and vitamin D supplements along with maintaining an active lifestyle. Discussing the risks and benefits of these drugs with the healthcare provider can help in making informed decisions.