Glaucoma is a condition that affects the eyes. It is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure which can cause optic nerve damage.

Although this condition is common among older adults, research has shown that certain medications can increase the risk of developing glaucoma. In this article, we take a closer look at some of these medications.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are a type of medication used to reduce inflammation. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma, arthritis, and allergic reactions.

Corticosteroids can be administered in various forms including pills, injections, and eyedrops. Studies have shown that the long-term use of corticosteroid eyedrops can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are used to relieve symptoms of allergies. They work by blocking the histamines produced by the body which is the cause of allergy symptoms. Antihistamines are available over-the-counter and in prescription strength.

Some studies suggest that prolonged use of antihistamines can increase intraocular pressure which can increase the risk of glaucoma.

Anti-depressants

Anti-depressants are used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. These medications work by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Some studies have linked the use of anti-depressants to an increased risk of developing glaucoma. In particular, tricyclic anti-depressants have been shown to increase intraocular pressure.

Beta Blockers

Beta blockers are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure. They work by reducing the heart rate and relaxing the blood vessels. Beta blockers are also used to manage glaucoma by reducing the intraocular pressure.

However, prolonged use of beta blockers can lead to a decrease in tear secretion which can cause dry eye and the development of glaucoma.

Alpha-adrenergic Agonists

Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a type of medication used to reduce intraocular pressure in people with glaucoma. They work by reducing the amount of fluid produced in the eye which can cause an increase in intraocular pressure.

However, prolonged use of alpha-adrenergic agonists can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the optic nerve which can cause optic nerve damage and glaucoma.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat glaucoma. They work by reducing the amount of fluid produced in the eye which can cause an increase in intraocular pressure.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are available in both oral and eyedrop forms. However, prolonged use of these medications can lead to side effects such as kidney stones, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances.

Cholinergic Agonists

Cholinergic agonists are a type of medication used to treat glaucoma. They work by reducing intraocular pressure by increasing drainage of aqueous humor in the eye.

However, prolonged use of cholinergic agonists can cause side effects such as headaches, blurred vision, and reduced vision at night.

Sympathomimetic Agents

Sympathomimetic agents are a type of medication commonly used to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma. They work by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system which controls aspects of the body’s fight-or-flight response.

Prolonged use of sympathomimetic agents can lead to increased intraocular pressure which can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

Diuretics

Diuretics are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by increasing the amount of urine produced by the body which helps to reduce fluid buildup.

Some studies have shown that prolonged use of diuretics can lead to electrolyte imbalances and can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions. They work by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart which helps to relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.

Some studies have suggested that prolonged use of calcium channel blockers can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

Conclusion

The medications listed above have been shown to be associated with increased risk of glaucoma. However, it is important to note that these medications are still used to treat a variety of conditions and their benefits may outweigh the risks.

If you are taking any of the medications mentioned above and have concerns about your risk for glaucoma, speak with your doctor to discuss any potential risks and develop a treatment plan.