According to the American Diabetes Association, there are approximately 1.25 million people in the United States living with Type 1 diabetes.

This autoimmune disease, a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, requires those affected to manage their glucose levels throughout the day. While there is currently no cure for Type 1 diabetes, there are many ongoing research efforts aimed at improving treatment options and ultimately finding a cure.

Here are two dual research endeavors that are currently being explored in the fight against Type 1 diabetes.

1. Islet Cell Transplantation

Islet cell transplantation is a procedure in which healthy islet cells, which are responsible for producing insulin in the pancreas, are transplanted into the liver of a person living with Type 1 diabetes. This treatment approach involves two phases:.

Phase 1: Islet cell isolation and purification

The first step in the islet cell transplantation process is isolating and purifying the islet cells. This is done by taking donor pancreases and separating the islet cells from the other pancreatic tissues.

Phase 2: Transplantation and monitoring

Once the islet cells are isolated, they are transplanted into the recipient’s liver via a catheter. After transplantation, the patient is monitored closely for any adverse reactions or complications.

While islet cell transplantation is a promising treatment option for those with Type 1 diabetes, there are several challenges that still need to be addressed.

One of the biggest challenges with islet cell transplantation is the limited availability of donor pancreases. Additionally, the immune system of the recipient may attack the transplanted islet cells, leading to rejection of the transplant.

2. Artificial Pancreas System

The development of an artificial pancreas system is based on the idea of a closed-loop insulin delivery system that automatically adjusts insulin levels based on real-time input from a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

The system consists of three main components:.

1. Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is a small device that is placed under the skin and measures blood glucose levels. The CGM sends data wirelessly to the insulin pump, which then calculates the amount of insulin needed.

2. Insulin Pump

Once the CGM sends data on glucose levels to the insulin pump, the pump calculates the amount of insulin needed and delivers it through a small catheter that is placed under the skin.

3. Closed-Loop System

The closed-loop system is the algorithm that connects the CGM to the insulin pump. The algorithm takes the data from the CGM and uses it to automatically adjust insulin levels in real-time.

The system aims to provide patients with better glycemic control, fewer hypoglycemic events, and a reduction in the burden of Type 1 diabetes management.

While the artificial pancreas system is a promising treatment option, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as ensuring the accuracy and safety of the device, and increasing accessibility for those who may not have the financial means to afford it.

Conclusion

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that requires constant monitoring and management.

While there is no cure currently available, these dual research endeavors are making significant strides in improving treatment options and ultimately finding a cure. Islet cell transplantation and the development of an artificial pancreas system are shining examples of how innovative research can lead to life-changing treatments.