Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior.

While ASD is typically diagnosed in early childhood, there are certain red flags that parents and caregivers can look out for in infants that may indicate a higher risk for developing ASD.

Early Signs of ASD

While infants do not typically receive an official diagnosis of ASD until around 2 years of age, there are certain early signs that may suggest a higher risk for the disorder. These signs fall into four categories:.

Communication

Infants who may be at risk for ASD may not show the same level of interest in communication as their peers. They may not respond to their name being called, or appear to be interested in verbal communication, such as babbling or cooing.

Social Interaction

Infants at risk for ASD may not show the same level of interest in social interaction as their peers. They may not make eye contact, or may not seem to be interested in playing games or interacting with others.

Behavior

Infants at risk for ASD may exhibit certain behavioral traits that are not typically seen in their peers. They may be overly sensitive to certain sounds or textures, or they may engage in repetitive behaviors, such as rocking or hand flapping.

Developmental Milestones

Infants at risk for ASD may also exhibit certain delays in reaching developmental milestones. For example, they may not achieve certain motor milestones, such as crawling or walking, at the same age as their peers.

They may also not exhibit typical play behaviors, such as playing with toys or engaging in imaginative play.

Related Article Early Detection of Autism in Newborns

What to Do if You Suspect Your Infant may be at Risk for ASD

If you suspect that your infant may be at risk for ASD, it is important to speak with your child’s pediatrician. Your pediatrician may recommend further evaluation or refer you to a specialist for additional testing or treatment.

Diagnosing ASD in Infants

While ASD is typically not diagnosed until a child is around 2 years of age, certain diagnostic tests may be used to help identify infants who are at risk for the disorder. These tests may include:.

Screening Tests

Screening tests are designed to identify infants who may be at risk for ASD. These tests may include the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS).

Genetic Testing

Genetic testing may be used to help identify infants who may be at risk for ASD. This may include tests that look for certain genetic mutations or abnormalities that are associated with the disorder.

Developmental Assessments

Developmental assessments may be used to evaluate an infant’s development and identify any areas where there may be delays or concerns.

These assessments may include the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) or the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.

Conclusion

While ASD is typically diagnosed in early childhood, there are certain red flags that parents and caregivers can look out for in infants that may indicate a higher risk for developing the disorder.

If you suspect that your infant may be at risk for ASD, it is important to speak with your child’s pediatrician and seek further evaluation or treatment if necessary.