Autism spectrum disorder is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is generally considered a multifactorial disorder, meaning that it has both genetic and environmental components.

Recently, there have been studies suggesting that maternal illness during pregnancy may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder in children. This article will explore this connection and the latest research on the subject.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of complex neurodevelopmental disorders. It is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Individuals with ASD may have problems forming relationships, difficulty understanding social cues, and difficulty communicating with others. They may also display restricted patterns of interest, highly repetitive behaviors, and sensitivities to sensory stimuli. Symptoms of ASD usually appear in early childhood, but can also manifest later in life.

The severity and range of symptoms can vary widely among individuals with ASD.

What are the Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

ASD is generally considered to be a multifactorial disorder, meaning that it has both genetic and environmental components.

Genetic factors are believed to account for about 80% of the risk for ASD, while the remaining 20% is attributed to environmental factors. The precise cause of ASD is unknown, however, there are several theories on how ASD develops. There are two main areas of research: genetic research and environmental research.

Maternal Illness and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Recent studies have suggested that maternal illness during pregnancy may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder in children.

Mothers who have infections, such as the flu or a urinary tract infection, during pregnancy have an increased risk of having a child with ASD. Additionally, mothers who have autoimmune disorders or thyroid disorders during pregnancy are also at a higher risk of having a child with ASD.

One study published in the journal JAMA Pediatrics found that children born to mothers who had a fever during the second trimester of pregnancy were more likely to have ASD.

The study found that the risk of autism was increased by 40% in children whose mothers had a fever during the second trimester. The risk was even higher (300%) if the fever lasted more than 7 days.

Another study published in the journal Pediatrics found that women who had a severe infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy had a twofold increase in the risk of having a child with ASD.

The study found that the risk was highest during the second trimester of pregnancy.

How Maternal Illness Affects the Developing Fetus

Maternal illness during pregnancy can affect the developing fetus in a number of ways. Infections and autoimmune disorders can cause an inflammatory response in the mother’s body.

This inflammatory response can lead to increased levels of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, in the mother’s bloodstream. These molecules can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus.

Animal studies have shown that maternal inflammation during pregnancy can have a range of effects on the developing brain. These effects can include changes in behavior, alterations in brain structure and function, and changes in gene expression.

Prevention and Management

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent ASD, there are several steps that women can take to reduce their risk. One of the most important steps is to maintain good health during pregnancy.

This includes getting regular prenatal care, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding harmful substances such as alcohol and tobacco. Women should also be vigilant about protecting themselves from infections by washing their hands frequently, avoiding people who are sick, and getting vaccinated when appropriate.

It is also important for women with autoimmune disorders or other illnesses to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition during pregnancy.

This may involve taking medication or undergoing frequent monitoring to ensure that the condition is well-controlled and that the risk to the baby is minimized.

Conclusion

ASD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is believed to have both genetic and environmental components. Recent studies have suggested that maternal illness during pregnancy may increase the risk of ASD in children.

Researchers believe that maternal illness can cause an inflammatory response in the mother’s body, which can lead to changes in the developing fetus. While there is no guaranteed way to prevent ASD, women can reduce their risk by maintaining good health during pregnancy and seeking appropriate medical care.