Heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. According to the American Heart Association, up to 6.5 million Americans are living with heart failure.

The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and obesity. In addition to medical treatment, diet and nutrition play a critical role in managing heart failure and improving overall health.

1. Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet

A heart-healthy diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein sources, and low-fat dairy products.

Limiting saturated and trans fats, added sugars, and sodium can help reduce the risk of heart disease and improve overall cardiovascular health. It is recommended to keep total fat intake to less than 30% of total calories, with only 7% coming from saturated fats.

2. Monitor Fluid Intake

Heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the body, leading to swelling, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Monitoring fluid intake can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Patients with heart failure should talk to their healthcare provider about a fluid restriction that is appropriate for their individual needs. It is also important to avoid consuming too much sodium, which can lead to fluid retention.

3. Get Enough Protein

Getting enough protein is important for maintaining muscle mass and preventing malnutrition. However, individuals with heart failure may have difficulty tolerating high-protein diets due to the added strain on the kidneys.

It is recommended to aim for a protein intake of 1.0-1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, depending on individual needs.

4. Consider Supplements

Certain supplements may benefit individuals with heart failure. Omega-3 fatty acids, for example, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-arrhythmic effects, and may help reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is another supplement that has been found to improve cardiovascular function and reduce symptoms in individuals with heart failure. However, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider before adding any supplements to a treatment plan.

5. Avoid Alcohol and Nicotine

Alcohol and nicotine can have negative effects on cardiovascular health and can exacerbate symptoms of heart failure. It is recommended to avoid or limit these substances as much as possible.

Individuals with heart failure should also talk to their healthcare provider about any medications or over-the-counter drugs that may interact negatively with their treatment plan.

6. Control Portion Sizes

Controlling portion sizes can help manage calorie intake and prevent overeating, which can contribute to obesity and other negative health outcomes.

Using smaller plates, measuring food portions, and avoiding distractions while eating can all help control portion sizes.

7. Plan Meals in Advance

Planning meals in advance can help ensure that individuals with heart failure have access to healthy, balanced meals at all times. This can help prevent temptation to eat foods that are high in sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars.

Preparing and freezing meals ahead of time, or utilizing a meal delivery service, can also make meal planning easier and more convenient.

8. Monitor Sodium Intake

Sodium is an essential nutrient, but consuming too much can lead to fluid retention and exacerbate symptoms of heart failure. Limiting sodium intake to 2,000-2,400 milligrams per day can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of rehospitalization.

Be aware of hidden sources of sodium, such as processed foods, canned vegetables, and condiments.

9. Stay Hydrated

Staying hydrated can help manage symptoms of heart failure and prevent complications like constipation and kidney damage.

Drinking at least six to eight cups of water per day is recommended, but individuals with heart failure should talk to their healthcare provider about any fluid restrictions that may be necessary.

10. Work with a Registered Dietitian

Working with a registered dietitian can help ensure that individuals with heart failure are getting the proper nutrients and following the appropriate diet for their individual needs.

A dietitian can help plan meals, provide nutrition education, and monitor progress over time. They can also assist in developing strategies for maintaining a healthy diet in social situations and during times of stress.