Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition that affects the heart’s blood vessels.

It occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits, known as plaque. CHD can lead to serious complications, including heart attacks and heart failure.

1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs are commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. While they are effective in managing various conditions, such as arthritis and headaches, some studies have shown that prolonged use of NSAIDs can increase the risk of developing CHD.

These drugs may cause adverse effects on blood pressure, promote fluid retention, and interfere with the normal function of blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of CHD.

2. Oral Contraceptives

Oral contraceptives, also known as birth control pills, contain hormones that prevent pregnancy.

However, certain types of oral contraceptives, particularly those that contain high levels of estrogen, have been associated with an increased risk of developing CHD. Estrogen can affect blood clot formation and increase the risk of plaque buildup in the blood vessels, leading to CHD.

3. Beta-Blockers

Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed medications used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, angina, and irregular heart rhythms.

While beta-blockers are effective in managing these conditions, they can also increase the risk of CHD in some patients. These drugs may cause a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, which can lead to a reduced blood supply to the heart and an increased risk of CHD.

4. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

PPIs are commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.

While PPIs are generally considered safe, some studies have suggested that long-term use of these drugs may be associated with an increased risk of CHD. The exact mechanism behind this association is not yet fully understood, but it is thought that PPIs may affect the lining of blood vessels and promote inflammation, contributing to the development of CHD.

5. Antidepressants

Antidepressant medications are commonly used to treat depression and other mental health conditions. However, certain classes of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), have been associated with an increased risk of CHD.

TCAs can cause adverse effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels, all of which can contribute to the development of CHD.

6. Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids, also known as cortisone or steroids, are commonly used to treat various inflammatory conditions, including asthma, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.

While corticosteroids can be highly effective in managing these conditions, they can also increase the risk of CHD. Prolonged use of corticosteroids can lead to increased blood pressure, elevated blood sugar levels, and changes in blood lipid profiles, all of which can contribute to the development of CHD.

7. Antiplatelet Drugs

Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, are commonly prescribed to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

While these drugs are beneficial for many patients, they can also increase the risk of CHD in some individuals. Antiplatelet drugs may cause bleeding disorders and can interfere with the normal clotting process, potentially leading to the development of CHD.

8. Antipsychotic Medications

Antipsychotic medications are used to manage conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and certain types of depression. However, some studies have shown that certain antipsychotic drugs may increase the risk of developing CHD.

These medications can cause adverse effects on blood lipid levels, blood sugar control, and body weight, all of which can contribute to the development of CHD.

9. Diuretics

Diuretics, also known as water pills, are commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema. While diuretics can effectively reduce fluid buildup in the body, they can also increase the risk of CHD in some patients.

Diuretics may cause imbalances in electrolyte levels, such as potassium and magnesium, which can affect heart function and increase the risk of CHD.

10. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to relieve symptoms of menopause and reduce the risk of certain health conditions, such as osteoporosis.

However, studies have shown that HRT, particularly when it includes both estrogen and progestin, may increase the risk of developing CHD. The use of HRT can affect blood lipid levels, promote inflammation, and increase the risk of plaque buildup in the blood vessels, all of which can contribute to the development of CHD.