Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide.

According to the International Diabetes Federation, there were approximately 463 million people living with diabetes in 2019, and this number is expected to rise to 700 million by 2045. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and lower limb amputations. In this article, we will explore the truth about diabetes and how to control it.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot produce or use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps to control blood sugar levels. When we eat, our body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream.

Insulin helps glucose to enter our cells and provide us with energy. However, in people with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).

Types of Diabetes

There are three main types of diabetes:.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

This means that people with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to control their blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence, although it can occur at any age.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90% of cases. In type 2 diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. This is known as insulin resistance.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet. It usually develops in adults, although it is becoming more common in children and adolescents.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It usually disappears after giving birth, but women who have had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Common symptoms of diabetes include:.

Frequent urination
Increased thirst
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should speak to your healthcare provider.

Risk Factors for Diabetes

Some of the risk factors for diabetes include:.

Family history of diabetes
Being overweight or obese
Physical inactivity
Unhealthy diet
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Smoking

Complications of Diabetes

Diabetes can lead to a number of complications, including:.

Cardiovascular disease
Kidney disease
Nerve damage (neuropathy)
Eye damage (retinopathy)
Foot damage
Skin conditions
Alzheimer’s disease

Many of these complications can be prevented or delayed by keeping blood sugar levels under control and making healthy lifestyle choices.

How to Control Diabetes

While there is no cure for diabetes, it can be managed through lifestyle changes and medication. Here are some tips for controlling diabetes:.

Eat a Healthy Diet

Eating a healthy diet is essential for diabetes management. A balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats can help to regulate blood sugar levels and maintain a healthy weight.

Avoiding processed and sugary foods is also important.

Exercise Regularly

Physical activity can help to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.

Strength training can also be beneficial in building muscle and improving overall health.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for diabetes. Losing weight and maintaining a healthy weight can help to improve blood sugar control and reduce the risk of complications.

A healthy weight is usually defined as a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9.

Monitor Blood Sugar Levels

Regular blood sugar monitoring can help to keep diabetes under control. Your healthcare provider may recommend testing your blood sugar levels at home using a glucose meter.

Keeping a record of your blood sugar levels can help you and your healthcare provider to make necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.

Take Medication as Prescribed

If you have been prescribed medication for diabetes, it is important to take it as directed by your healthcare provider. This may include insulin injections, oral medication, or a combination of both.

Do not adjust your medication dosage without consulting your healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It can lead to a wide range of complications if left uncontrolled.

However, with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, it is possible to manage diabetes and reduce the risk of complications. Eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, monitoring blood sugar levels, and taking medication as prescribed can all help to keep diabetes under control.