Macular degeneration is a common eye disease and a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. The macula is a small area in the retina that is responsible for sharp, clear central vision.

When this area deteriorates, it can cause blurred or distorted vision, making it difficult to perform daily activities like reading, driving, or recognizing faces. While there is no cure for macular degeneration, some medications have been found to slow down its progression.

1. AREDS Supplements

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was a major clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute. The study found that a specific combination of vitamins and minerals can reduce the risk of advanced AMD by about 25%.

The AREDS2 formula includes the following:.

Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Zinc
Copper
Lutein
Zeaxanthin
Omega-3 fatty acids

These supplements are available over-the-counter and can be taken daily to help prevent the progression of macular degeneration.

2. Ranibizumab (Lucentis)

Ranibizumab is an injection that is used to treat wet macular degeneration. It works by blocking a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that can cause abnormal blood vessels to grow and leak fluid in the retina.

By stopping the growth of these blood vessels, ranibizumab can help prevent further vision loss.

3. Aflibercept (Eylea)

Aflibercept is another injection that targets VEGF. It is also used to treat wet macular degeneration and can help slow down the progression of the disease.

4. Bevacizumab (Avastin)

Bevacizumab is a similar injection to ranibizumab and aflibercept. It works by blocking VEGF and is also used to treat wet macular degeneration.

While bevacizumab is not specifically approved for the treatment of AMD, it is often used off-label by some ophthalmologists.

5. Laser Photocoagulation

Laser photocoagulation is a surgical procedure that uses a laser to seal leaking blood vessels in the retina. This treatment is used to treat both wet and dry macular degeneration.

While it can help prevent further vision loss, it may also cause a loss of peripheral vision.

6. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

Photodynamic therapy involves the use of a light-activated drug that is injected into the bloodstream.

The drug travels to the blood vessels in the retina, and a special laser is then used to activate the drug, causing it to destroy the abnormal blood vessels. PDT is an effective treatment for some cases of wet macular degeneration.

7. Vitrectomy

A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the vitreous gel from the inside of the eye. This treatment is used for some cases of severe wet macular degeneration that do not respond to other treatments.

While it can help prevent further vision loss, it can also cause complications such as retinal detachment or cataracts.

8. Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy is a new and experimental treatment for macular degeneration. Researchers are using stem cells to grow new retinal tissue, which could potentially replace the damaged tissue in the macula.

While this treatment is still in the early stages of development, it holds promise for the future.

9. Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is another experimental treatment for macular degeneration. Researchers are using gene therapy to target specific genes that are associated with AMD, with the goal of preventing the development of the disease.

While this treatment is still in the early stages of development, it holds promise for the future of AMD treatment.

10. Lifestyle Changes

While there are medications and treatments available to help prevent the progression of macular degeneration, lifestyle changes can also play a key role in maintaining healthy vision.

Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, and protecting your eyes from UV light can all help reduce your risk of developing macular degeneration.