Heart attack and stroke are two of the leading causes of death worldwide. Both conditions are often associated with a number of risk factors such as uncontrolled hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and smoking.

However, a recent study published in the Journal of American College of Cardiology reveals that a certain protein can increase the risk of these two deadly conditions, even in individuals who are considered low-risk.

Lipoprotein(a): The Protein in Question

Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) is a type of lipoprotein that is made up of a protein molecule called apolipoprotein (a) or apo(a) and a lipid molecule. Lp(a) is produced by the liver and circulates in the bloodstream.

While it is similar to LDL cholesterol, Lp(a) has a unique structure that makes it difficult for the body to break down. As a result, high levels of Lp(a) can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

The Study

In the study, the researchers analyzed data from over 6,000 participants who were enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

The participants were followed up for an average of 12 years, during which time 529 of them suffered from a heart attack or stroke. The researchers found that individuals who had high levels of Lp(a) were twice as likely to experience a heart attack or stroke, even after adjusting for other risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, and blood pressure.

The study also found that the risk of heart attack or stroke increased with higher levels of Lp(a). For every incremental increase of 30 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in Lp(a) levels, the risk of heart attack or stroke increased by 17%.

Who is at Risk?

Lp(a) levels are largely determined by genetics, which means that some individuals are born with high levels of the protein. However, there are certain lifestyle factors that can also affect Lp(a) levels.

These include smoking, obesity, and a diet high in saturated fats.

The study found that African Americans and Hispanics had higher levels of Lp(a) compared to Caucasians and Chinese Americans. In addition, men had higher levels of Lp(a) compared to women.

Individuals who had a family history of heart disease or stroke were also found to have higher levels of Lp(a).

Testing for Lp(a)

Unlike other lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides, Lp(a) is not routinely measured in a standard lipid panel. However, there are tests available that can measure Lp(a) levels.

If you have a family history of heart disease or stroke, or if you have other risk factors for these conditions, you may want to talk to your doctor about getting tested for Lp(a).

Treatment for High Lp(a)

Currently, there is no specific treatment for high levels of Lp(a). Lifestyle modifications such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking can help lower Lp(a) levels.

Some studies have also shown that niacin, a type of B vitamin, can lower Lp(a) levels, but this treatment is not currently recommended for routine use.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of assessing Lp(a) levels in individuals who are at risk of heart attack and stroke.

While there is currently no specific treatment for high levels of Lp(a), identifying individuals with elevated levels of the protein can help healthcare providers take steps to prevent or manage cardiovascular disease.