Colon cancer, also called colorectal cancer, is a disease that affects the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is the third most common cancer in the world, with over 1.8 million new cases diagnosed in 2018 alone.

Previously, colon cancer was considered a disease of older adults. However, in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of people under the age of 40 being diagnosed with this disease.

What is Causing the Increase in Colon Cancer in Young Adults?

The exact reasons for the increase in colon cancer in young adults are not yet clear. However, studies suggest that lifestyle and environmental factors may play a role in the development of this disease.

Obesity, a diet high in red and processed meats, smoking, and lack of physical activity are all risk factors for colon cancer.

In addition, exposure to radiation and certain chemicals, such as those found in plastics and pesticides, may also increase the risk of developing colon cancer.

What are the Symptoms of Colon Cancer?

The symptoms of colon cancer can vary from person to person. However, some common symptoms include:.

Abdominal pain or cramping
Blood in the stool
Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation
Fatigue or weakness
Unexplained weight loss

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Early detection is key in treating colon cancer, and prompt medical attention can improve your chances of successful treatment.

How is Colon Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosing colon cancer typically involves a combination of tests and procedures. If you are experiencing symptoms, your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy or other imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI.

During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon and rectum for any growths or abnormalities.

If a growth, or polyp, is found, your doctor will likely remove it and send a sample to a lab for testing.

If the sample tests positive for cancerous cells, further tests may be needed to determine the stage and extent of the cancer. This may involve blood tests, additional imaging studies, or a biopsy of the affected tissue.

What are the Treatment Options for Colon Cancer?

The treatment options for colon cancer depend on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as your overall health and preferences.

Surgery is often the primary treatment for colon cancer, particularly in early stages. During surgery, the affected portion of the colon is removed, along with any nearby lymph nodes that may contain cancerous cells.

Other treatments may be used in conjunction with surgery, or in advanced stages of the disease. These may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy, which uses drugs to attack specific cancer cells.

What Can I Do to Reduce my Risk of Developing Colon Cancer?

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing colon cancer, including:.

Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and low in red and processed meats.
Exercise regularly, aiming for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
Get regular colon cancer screenings starting at age 50, or earlier if you have a family history of the disease.

Conclusion

Although colon cancer is typically associated with older adults, the increase in cases among young adults is a growing concern.

Understanding the risk factors and symptoms of colon cancer, as well as getting regular screenings, can help detect the disease early and increase the chances of successful treatment.