Cancer is a complex disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. There are several types of cancer, including skin cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and many others.

While most cancers develop sporadically, some people inherit a genetic predisposition to cancer from their parents. This type of cancer is known as hereditary cancer.

What is Hereditary Cancer?

Hereditary cancer is caused by mutations or changes in certain genes that are passed from parents to their children. These mutations can increase a person’s risk of developing certain cancers.

While most people with hereditary cancer do not develop the disease, some do. People with hereditary cancer may develop the disease at a younger age, have more aggressive tumors, and have a higher risk of developing multiple cancers.

What Genes are Involved in Hereditary Cancer?

There are several genes that can increase a person’s risk of developing hereditary cancer. Two of the most well-known genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Mutations in these genes can increase a woman’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer by up to 87%. Other genes associated with hereditary cancer include ATM, TP53, MLH1, and MSH2.

How is Hereditary Cancer Diagnosed?

Hereditary cancer can be diagnosed through genetic testing. A simple blood or saliva test can determine whether a person has a mutation in one of the genes associated with hereditary cancer.

Genetic testing can also be used to determine whether a person has inherited a predisposition to certain cancers.

Who is at Risk for Hereditary Cancer?

Anyone can develop hereditary cancer, but certain factors increase a person’s risk.

People who have a family history of cancer, especially if the cancer was diagnosed at a young age or affects multiple relatives, may have an increased risk of developing hereditary cancer. People who have already been diagnosed with cancer may also be at risk for hereditary cancer.

What are the Treatment Options for Hereditary Cancer?

The treatment options for hereditary cancer are similar to those for sporadic cancer. These options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments.

People with hereditary cancer may need to be screened more frequently for cancer, and may need to start screening at an earlier age.

How Can You Prevent Hereditary Cancer?

While it is not possible to prevent hereditary cancer entirely, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. These steps include:.

Getting regular cancer screenings.
Making healthy lifestyle choices, such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly.
Being aware of your family history of cancer.
Considering genetic testing if you have a family history of cancer or have already been diagnosed with cancer.
Considering preventative surgery, such as a mastectomy or oophorectomy, if you have a high risk of developing certain cancers.

Conclusion

Hereditary cancer is a complex disease caused by mutations in certain genes. While it is not possible to prevent hereditary cancer entirely, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk.

If you have a family history of cancer or have already been diagnosed with cancer, it is important to talk to your doctor about genetic testing and other screening options.