Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin or utilize the produced insulin effectively.

As a result, the body is unable to convert glucose into energy, leading to a buildup of glucose in the blood.

The 65th Anniversary of Diabetes

The 65th-anniversary celebration of the discovery of insulin marked a significant milestone in diabetes care. In 1921, Frederick Banting, Charles Best, and their research team discovered insulin at the University of Toronto.

This groundbreaking discovery revolutionized diabetes care, giving patients a new lease on life and instilling hope in those affected by the disease.

Types of Diabetes

There are three primary types of diabetes, namely type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. This type of diabetes is more common in children and young adults, necessitating insulin therapy to sustain life.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for 90% of all diabetes cases. It results from insulin resistance, where the body is unable to utilize insulin effectively.

Lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, may prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and may resolve after delivery. However, women with gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Risk Factors of Diabetes

Several factors increase the risk of developing diabetes, including:.

Family history of diabetes
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
High blood pressure
High cholesterol levels
Age (risk increases with age)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women
History of gestational diabetes.

Symptoms of Diabetes

The symptoms of diabetes may vary, but they include:.

Frequent urination
Increase in thirst and hunger
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
Slow-healing wounds

Diabetes Management

There is no cure for diabetes, but it can be managed. The management of diabetes aims to minimize the risk of complications, including nerve damage, kidney failure, and blindness. The management of diabetes involves:.

Dietary Changes

A healthy diet is vital in diabetes management. A diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean protein sources is beneficial. Limiting the intake of processed and junk foods, sweets, and sugary drinks helps to control blood sugar levels.

Physical Activity

Physical activity helps to control blood sugar levels, decrease insulin resistance, and promotes weight loss. 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, at least five days a week is advisable.

Medication

Medication may be necessary to manage blood sugar levels. Insulin therapy is necessary for individuals with type 1 diabetes while oral medications may be prescribed for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Monitoring of Blood Glucose Levels

Monitoring blood glucose levels is vital in diabetes management as it helps to track the effectiveness of the treatment plan and identify any necessary adjustments.

This can be achieved through regular blood glucose monitoring using a glucometer or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices.

Impact of Diabetes

Diabetes has significant impacts on individuals and society. It is one of the leading causes of preventable death, with complications related to diabetes accounting for significant healthcare costs.

Physical Impact

Diabetes can cause significant physical damage to several body systems. Uncontrolled diabetes may lead to nerve damage, blindness, kidney damage, amputations, and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.

Emotional Impact

The diagnosis of diabetes may cause significant emotional distress, anxiety, and depression in individuals. Living with diabetes may require significant lifestyle changes and may cause feelings of isolation and frustration.

Conclusion

The 65th anniversary of diabetes marks a significant milestone in diabetes care. The discovery of insulin revolutionized diabetes care and allowed individuals with diabetes to live longer and healthier lives.

Although diabetes is a chronic condition with no cure, its management is crucial in preventing complications and improving the quality of life. With proper education, lifestyle changes, and medication, diabetes can be managed, allowing individuals with diabetes to lead fulfilling lives.