Aspirin is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for pain management, anti-inflammatory and for prevention of serious medical conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. It is among the oldest and most widely used medications worldwide.
However, aspirin has several side effects and can become dangerous if taken in high doses or inappropriately. In this article, we will examine these dangers.
Bleeding in the stomach and intestine
One of the most common risks of aspirin is gastrointestinal bleeding which can lead to life-threatening complications. Aspirin reduces the production of prostaglandins, a chemical substance that helps in lining the stomach and intestines.
Lack of these substances can lead to internal bleeding as well as formation of ulcers in the intestines and stomach. Furthermore, it can cause bleeding in the brain and other vital organs.
Those at a higher risk of internal bleeding after taking aspirin are individuals who have ulcers, those who have a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, and patients taking steroids, anticoagulants and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Asthma and Allergic Reactions
Aspirin can trigger an allergic reaction in individuals who are sensitive to the drug. People who have bronchial asthma are more likely to be allergic to aspirin.
They may develop asthma symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, coughs, etc. Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction leading to breathing difficulty, rapid pulse, low blood pressure, hives, and swelling of the face among other symptoms, can also occur in some individuals who are allergic to aspirin.
Reye’s Syndrome
Aspirin is sometimes taken by children to relieve the symptoms of flu, or before or after having some surgeries.
However, it is recommended not to administer aspirin to children and teenagers who have flu-like symptoms since it can cause Reye’s syndrome, a potentially fatal liver and brain disease. This condition is rare but it can develop quickly and become fatal. Symptoms include confusion, seizures, vomiting and loss of consciousness.
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When is Aspirin Harmful to Take?
Kidney Problems
Aspirin, when taken in high doses and over a long period of time, can cause kidney problems. It can cause chronic kidney disease, inflammation of the kidney tissue (nephritis), kidney failure and acute renal failure.
Individuals who have weak kidneys are more prone to these kidney-related dangers of aspirin.
Vision and Hearing Loss
Aspirin can also lead to vision and hearing loss, particularly when taken in high doses chronically.
It can affect the delicate sensory nerves and vessels in the eyes and ears leading to issues such as tinnitus, ringing in the ears and temporary hearing loss. It can also lead to color vision problems, double vision and even complete vision loss in severe cases.
Other Side Effects of Aspirin
Aspirin can cause several other side effects such as:.
- Headaches and migraines
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Allergic reactions such as hives in some cases
- Abdominal pain, cramps, and nausea
- Easy bruising and bleeding gums
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Breathing difficulties
Precautions in Using Aspirin
Despite the dangers of aspirin, it remains an important medication in the management and prevention of several conditions. If you need to take aspirin, there are several precautions that you can take to minimize the risks.
You may consider doing the following:.
- Limit the dosage and duration of aspirin intake
- Take aspirin with meals or antacids to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding
- Carefully follow the dosage instructions given by your doctor
- Do not take aspirin in combination with other NSAIDs or blood thinners
- Inform your doctor about any pre-existing medical conditions or allergies before taking aspirin
- Do not administer aspirin to children younger than 12 years old.
Conclusion
Aspirin is a powerful medication that can lead to serious side effects and dangers. It is vital to only use aspirin under the strict guidance of a doctor.
While it remains an effective medication for managing and preventing many health conditions, the risks that come with unmonitored use cannot be taken lightly. Always consult with your physician before taking aspirin.
