Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that affects both men and women. There are more than 200 strains of HPV, and some of them can cause cancer.

In fact, HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer and also responsible for several other types of cancer. However, preventing HPV infection can significantly reduce the risk of cancer. Here is what everyone should know about HPV and cancer prevention.

HPV and Cancer

HPV is a diverse group of viruses that can cause a range of health problems. Some strains of HPV cause warts on the skin or genital area, while others can cause cancer. The types of cancer that HPV can cause include:.

Cervical cancer
Anal cancer
Penis cancer
Vulva cancer
Vaginal cancer
Oropharyngeal cancer (throat cancer)

Of these, cervical cancer is the most common and the most deadly. Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV, and about 90% of cases are caused by two strains of the virus – HPV-16 and HPV-18.

Other types of cancer caused by HPV are less common, but they are still significant health risks. Anal cancer, for example, is more common in people with HIV, while oropharyngeal cancer is becoming more common in younger people who have never smoked but have engaged in oral sex.

Preventing HPV Infection

The good news is that HPV is preventable. The best way to prevent HPV infection is by getting vaccinated. The HPV vaccine is highly effective at protecting against the types of HPV that cause most cases of cervical cancer and other types of cancer.

The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls, starting at age 11 or 12. However, it can be given as early as age 9. The vaccine is given in two or three doses over a period of 6 months and protects against up to nine strains of HPV.

Other ways to reduce the risk of HPV infection include practicing safe sex and getting regular screenings for cervical cancer and other types of cancer.

Using condoms consistently and correctly can reduce the risk of transmitting HPV, but it is not foolproof. Even with condom use, HPV can be spread through skin-to-skin contact. Regular cancer screenings, such as Pap smears for cervical cancer, can detect abnormal cells before they become cancerous.

Treating HPV Infection

Unfortunately, there is no cure for HPV infection. However, most cases of HPV infection do not lead to cancer and go away on their own within two years. In some cases, HPV infection can cause abnormal cells to develop that can eventually turn into cancer.

These abnormal cells can be detected through regular screenings and treated before they become cancerous.

If cancer does develop, treatment will depend on the type and stage of the cancer. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Treatment for HPV-related cancers may be more effective if the cancer is caught early.

Conclusion

HPV is a common and potentially dangerous infection that can cause several types of cancer. However, preventing HPV infection is possible through vaccination, safe sex practices, and regular cancer screenings.

By taking these steps, we can reduce the risk of developing HPV-related cancer and improve our chances of living a healthy life.