Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum. It is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

Understanding your risk of developing colon cancer is important for early detection and treatment. Here’s what you need to know about colon cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening, and prevention.

Risk Factors for Colon Cancer

There are several factors that can increase your risk of developing colon cancer:.

: Age

The risk of colon cancer increases as you get older. More than 90% of colon cancer cases occur in people over the age of 50.

: Family history

If you have a parent, sibling, or child who has had colon cancer, you are at a higher risk of developing the disease.

: Personal history

If you have had colon cancer in the past, your risk of developing a second case of colon cancer is higher.

: History of certain medical conditions

Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis increase your risk of developing colon cancer.

: Dietary factors

A diet high in red and processed meats, and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Some of the common symptoms of colon cancer include:.

: Changes in bowel movements

You may experience diarrhea, constipation, or a change in the consistency of your stool.

: Blood in the stool

You may notice blood in your stool, which may appear bright red or dark and tar-like.

: Abdominal pain

You may experience cramping, bloating, or discomfort in your abdomen.

: Unexplained weight loss

You may lose weight without trying, which could be a sign that the cancer has spread to other parts of your body.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to speak to your doctor as soon as possible. While these symptoms may not necessarily indicate colon cancer, they could be a sign of other health issues that require attention.

Screening for Colon Cancer

The best way to detect colon cancer early is through regular screenings. Screenings can help detect precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer, or detect cancer in its early stages when it is more treatable.

The most commonly recommended screening tests include:.

: Colonoscopy

This is considered the gold standard for colon cancer screening. A colonoscopy uses a camera to examine the entire colon and rectum, and can detect polyps or cancerous tissue.

: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

This test involves collecting a stool sample and testing it for blood. If blood is found in the stool, further testing may be recommended.

: CT colonography

This test involves a CT scan of the colon and rectum with the use of contrast material. It can detect polyps or cancerous tissue.

Your doctor can recommend which screening test is best for you based on your age, health history, and other factors.

Preventing Colon Cancer

While there is no surefire way to prevent colon cancer, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk:.

: Eat a healthy diet

A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and low in red and processed meats, can help reduce your risk of colon cancer.

: Exercise regularly

Regular physical activity can help reduce your risk of colon cancer.

: Quit smoking

Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer and other types of cancer.

: Limit alcohol consumption

Drinking alcohol in moderation can help reduce your risk of colon cancer.

: Get screened

Regular screenings can help detect colon cancer early when it is more treatable.

Conclusion

Colon cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease, but with regular screenings and lifestyle changes, you can reduce your risk of developing the disease and catch it early if it does occur.

If you are concerned about your risk of colon cancer, speak to your doctor about screening options and lifestyle changes you can make to reduce your risk.