Kidney cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is a rare type of cancer in children. According to the American Cancer Society, kidney cancer accounts for only about 5% of all childhood cancers.

However, when it does occur, the disease can be aggressive and difficult to treat, making early detection and treatment crucial.

What causes kidney cancer in children?

Like many types of cancer, the exact cause of kidney cancer in children is not yet fully understood. However, there are several factors that may increase a child’s risk for developing the disease:.

Family history of kidney cancer

Children with a family history of kidney cancer are at a higher risk for developing the disease themselves. In some families, a gene mutation that increases the risk for kidney cancer may be present.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome

VHL syndrome is an inherited disorder that is associated with an increased risk for several types of cancer, including kidney cancer. Children with this syndrome may develop multiple tumors in the kidneys, as well as other parts of the body.

Exposure to certain substances

Exposure to certain chemicals, such as asbestos and cadmium, has been linked to an increased risk for kidney cancer in people of all ages.

However, it is not yet clear whether exposure to these substances in childhood increases the risk for the disease.

Gender

Boys are slightly more likely than girls to develop kidney cancer in childhood.

Race and ethnicity

Although kidney cancer is rare in childhood, certain racial and ethnic groups may be more likely to develop the disease. For example, African American children have a higher incidence of kidney cancer than children of other races.

Symptoms of kidney cancer in children

Just like in adults, symptoms of kidney cancer in children may include:.

Abdominal pain
Swelling or a lump in the abdomen
Blood in the urine
Fever
Weight loss
Fatigue

Diagnosis of kidney cancer in children

If kidney cancer is suspected, a physician will perform a thorough physical exam and may order one or more of the following tests:.

Ultrasound
Computed tomography (CT) scan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Blood and urine tests
Kidney biopsy

Treatment for kidney cancer in children

The most effective treatment for kidney cancer in children depends on the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, and other factors. Common treatments include:.

Surgery to remove all or part of the affected kidney
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Targeted therapy, which uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells

It is important for children with kidney cancer to receive follow-up care throughout their lives to monitor for any signs of recurrence or other health problems.

Prevention of kidney cancer in children

Because the exact cause of kidney cancer in children is not yet fully understood, there are no specific prevention guidelines for the disease. However, parents can take steps to help reduce their child’s risk of developing cancer:.

Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle
Encourage regular exercise and physical activity
Ensure that your child receives recommended vaccines and preventive health screenings
Avoid exposure to chemicals and other substances that are known to increase the risk of cancer
Discuss family history of cancer with your child’s physician

Conclusion

Kidney cancer in childhood is a rare but serious disease that can be difficult to treat. Some children may be at a higher risk for the disease due to factors like family history, genetic mutations, and exposure to certain substances.

It is important to be aware of the symptoms of kidney cancer and to seek medical attention if they occur. Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes and increase the chances of a full recovery.