Infertility is a growing concern among couples, globally, and approximately 15% of couples face fertility issues. Earlier, only women were blamed for being infertile, but recent research suggests that male infertility is also a significant contributor.

Various factors could be responsible for male infertility, such as environmental factors, lifestyle, genetics, and other diseases. Hence, it becomes essential to know the potential factors that may impact male fertility. Here are ten factors that could affect male fertility:.

1. Age

Age is one of the crucial factors that could affect male fertility. As men age, the sperm quality, quantity and motility decreases.

Some studies suggest that beyond 35 years of age, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in sperm increases, leading to infertility. The decline in fertility is because of a decrease in testosterone levels, and it affects the sperm production process. Hence, age should be considered an essential factor while planning for pregnancy.

2. Exposure to Environmental Toxins

Exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, lead, cadmium, mercury, and organochlorine can cause damage to male reproductive organs, resulting in decreased sperm count and quality.

Such toxins increase oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage, and cause inflammation, which can contribute to infertility. Therefore, it is critical to avoid exposure to environmental toxins and maintain good health.

3. Obesity

Obesity is a growing concern among men and can affect male fertility. Obesity leads to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, resulting in decreased sperm quality, morphology and motility.

Obese men also have a higher level of estrogen, leading to a decrease in testosterone production. Losing weight and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve male fertility.

4. Alcohol Consumption

Excessive alcohol consumption is harmful to overall health and can lead to male infertility. Consumption of alcohol affects the liver, which may cause a decrease in testosterone production, leading to decreased sperm count and quality.

Excessive alcohol consumption can result in decreased sperm motility, abnormal morphology and can also lead to erectile dysfunction. It’s essential to maintain a healthy alcohol intake to sustain good health and fertility.

5. Smoking

Smoking cigarettes regularly can cause infertility in men. The harmful chemicals present in cigarette smoke can cause oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage and affecting the overall health of sperm.

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Smoking is also responsible for the decreased semen volume and sperm count, and it can also lead to abnormal sperm shape and decreased sperm motility. Quitting smoking can substantially improve male fertility.

6. Diet

The food that we consume plays a vital role in our overall health and well-being. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients can improve male fertility.

Consuming foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts, can help reduce oxidative stress and improve sperm count, morphology, and motility. Consuming a balanced diet can also help maintain a healthy weight, which is critical for overall fertility.

7. Stress

Stress can significantly affect male fertility. Being stressed for a prolonged period can impact the production of testosterone, leading to decreased sperm count and quality.

Poor sperm motility is also a consequence of stress, which can lead to overall infertility. Hence, it is essential to manage stress, lead an active lifestyle and practice meditation, stress-relieving exercises, and other relaxation techniques to reduce stress levels.

8. Medications and Drugs

Several medications and drugs can affect male fertility. Some studies suggest that medications such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and corticosteroids can decrease testosterone levels, leading to decreased sperm quality and quantity.

Recreational drugs such as marijuana and cocaine can also negatively impact male fertility, leading to a reduction in sperm count and quality. It’s crucial to talk to a healthcare provider before taking any medications and avoid drugs that may affect male fertility.

9. Excessive Exercise

Excessive exercise can be challenging to maintain and can affect male fertility in several ways. Overtraining can increase the production of cortisol, which leads to hormonal imbalances.

Hormonal imbalances can cause decreased sperm count and quality and lead to infertility. Additionally, tight-fitting clothes, such as cycling shorts, can increase scrotal temperature, which can damage sperm and reduce its motility. It’s essential to maintain a balanced exercise routine that does not cause burnout and injury.

10. Exposure to Heat

Exposure to high levels of heat can cause temporary infertility in men. Such exposure could be from hot tubs, saunas, or prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

Scrotal temperature needs to be lower than the body temperature for optimal sperm count and motility. High scrotal temperature could damage sperm and lead to infertility. Therefore, it is essential to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures and maintain a moderate scrotal temperature to improve fertility.