Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that affects the bladder, a muscular sac located in the lower abdomen responsible for storing urine before it is passed out of the body.
It is estimated that about 81,400 new cases of bladder cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2020, with about 17,980 deaths expected. Here are ten essential facts about bladder cancer that you should know.
1. Bladder cancer is more common in men than women
Bladder cancer is about 3 to 4 times more common in men than in women. The risk of developing the disease is highest in men aged 70-74 years.
Women are often diagnosed at a later stage when the cancer has already spread, making it more difficult to treat.
2. Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer
About half of all bladder cancer cases are associated with cigarette smoking. Smoking tobacco exposes the body to harmful chemicals, which are then excreted in the urine and can damage the lining of the bladder, leading to cancer.
Other risk factors include exposure to certain chemicals, such as aromatic amines, and long-term bladder catheterization.
3. Blood in the urine is a common symptom of bladder cancer
Blood in the urine, also known as hematuria, is often the first sign of bladder cancer. Other symptoms may include frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and lower back pain.
However, these symptoms may also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to see a doctor if you experience them.
4. Bladder cancer can be diagnosed through several tests
If bladder cancer is suspected, your doctor may perform a variety of tests to diagnose the condition.
These may include a urine cytology test to detect abnormal cells in the urine, a cystoscopy to examine the bladder using a thin tube with a camera, and a biopsy to remove a sample of tissue for analysis.
5. Surgery is the most common treatment for bladder cancer
Bladder cancer treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue is the most common treatment for bladder cancer.
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Other treatments may include chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
6. Bladder cancer has different stages and grades
Bladder cancer is classified according to its stage and grade. The stage refers to the extent to which the cancer has spread, with stage 0 being the earliest and stage IV being the most advanced.
The grade refers to how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope, with high-grade cancers being more aggressive than low-grade cancers.
7. Recurrence is common in bladder cancer
Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate, meaning that it often comes back even after successful treatment. Patients with bladder cancer are typically monitored with regular check-ups and tests to detect any signs of recurrence.
8. Immunotherapy is a promising new treatment for bladder cancer
Immunotherapy is a treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. It works by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Several immunotherapy drugs have been approved for the treatment of bladder cancer, including pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and nivolumab.
9. Bladder cancer can be prevented by making lifestyle changes
Although it is not always possible to prevent bladder cancer, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk.
These include quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals, and drinking plenty of fluids to ensure that your bladder is regularly flushed out.
10. Early detection is key to successful bladder cancer treatment
As with most types of cancer, early detection is essential for successful treatment of bladder cancer. Regular check-ups and tests are recommended for patients with a history of bladder cancer or who are at high risk for the disease.
If you experience any symptoms of bladder cancer, such as blood in the urine, see a doctor as soon as possible.
