Dementia is an umbrella term for a decline in cognitive function that interferes with daily activities. Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia are some of the most common types of dementia.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 50 million people worldwide have dementia, and the number is expected to triple by 2050. While some factors that increase the risk of dementia, such as age and genetics, are beyond our control, there are modifiable risk factors that we can address to preserve our cognitive health. Take this quiz to assess your risk of dementia.

1. How old are you?

Age is one of the most significant risk factors for dementia. The likelihood of developing dementia doubles every five years after age 65. However, dementia can also affect younger adults, such as those with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

2. Do you have a family history of dementia?

While dementia is not always hereditary, having a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with dementia increases your risk.

Some genetic mutations, such as those in the APOE gene, are associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, but having these mutations does not mean that you will develop dementia.

3. What is your education level?

Studies suggest that people with higher levels of education may have a lower risk of dementia. This may be because education enhances cognitive reserve, the brain’s ability to withstand damage.

However, this does not mean that people with less formal education cannot reduce their risk of dementia through lifelong learning and mental stimulation.

4. What is your occupation?

Some occupations, such as those that involve complex tasks and social interaction, may protect against dementia by promoting brain plasticity and resilience.

On the other hand, jobs with high physical or emotional demands, such as those in nursing and firefighting, may increase the risk of dementia due to chronic stress and injuries.

5. Do you smoke?

Smoking is a major risk factor for a range of health problems, including dementia.

Smoking causes inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, damages blood vessels, and increases the risk of stroke and heart disease, which are also risk factors for dementia. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of dementia and improve overall health.

6. How much do you drink alcohol?

Excessive alcohol consumption can damage the brain and increase the risk of dementia. Heavy drinking can lead to alcohol-related brain damage, characterized by memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

Moderate drinking, defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, may have some protective effects on the heart and brain, but more research is needed to confirm this.

7. How physically active are you?

Physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits, including a lower risk of dementia. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce inflammation, and enhance neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections.

Exercise can also improve mood, sleep, and cognitive function. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.

8. What is your diet like?

A healthy diet can reduce the risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, including dementia.

The Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, nuts, and olive oil, has been shown to be particularly beneficial for brain health. Conversely, a diet high in saturated and trans fats, sugar, and salt may increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

9. Do you have any chronic health conditions?

Several chronic health conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease, are linked to an increased risk of dementia.

These conditions can damage blood vessels and cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment. Managing these conditions through lifestyle changes and medication can reduce the risk of dementia.

Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for dementia, as they can lead to stress, depression, and cognitive decline.

On the other hand, social engagement, such as volunteering, attending cultural events, and spending time with friends and family, can promote brain health and emotional well-being. Maintaining social connections throughout life is important for cognitive vitality.