Periods are a natural part of the female reproductive system, but they don’t always come on schedule. While a delay of a few days is nothing to be concerned about, women who experience irregular periods may feel worried or stressed.

Understanding the causes of irregular periods can help identify any underlying health issues that need to be addressed.

1. PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects up to 10% of women. It occurs when a woman’s ovaries produce excessive amounts of male hormones called androgens.

This causes the formation of small cysts on the ovaries, which can result in irregular periods or even the absence of periods. Other symptoms of PCOS may include weight gain, acne, and excess facial hair.

2. Thyroid Problems

The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that help regulate the body’s metabolism. When the thyroid gland is overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism), it can impact the menstrual cycle.

Women with thyroid problems may experience irregular periods or heavier than usual menstrual bleeding. Other symptoms of thyroid problems can include fatigue, weight gain or loss, and mood changes.

Related Article Why Some Women Have Abnormal Periods: Explained

3. Stress

Stress can affect the menstrual cycle in a number of ways. When the body is under stress, it produces cortisol, a hormone that can disrupt the normal levels of estrogen and progesterone needed for regular menstruation.

Stress can also impact ovulation, resulting in missed periods or delayed ovulation. Finding ways to manage stress, such as exercise or relaxation techniques, may help regulate the menstrual cycle.

4. Weight Changes

Significant weight gain or weight loss can affect the hormonal balance in the body and lead to irregular periods. Women who are underweight or have an eating disorder may experience missed periods or very light periods.

On the other hand, women who are overweight or obese may experience heavier than usual periods and more frequent periods. Maintaining a healthy weight through proper nutrition and exercise can help regulate the menstrual cycle.

5. Birth Control Methods

Some forms of birth control that involve hormones can impact the menstrual cycle. For example, the hormonal IUD (intrauterine device) can result in lighter periods or the absence of periods altogether.

Certain types of birth control pills can cause irregular bleeding or spotting between periods. Women who recently started or stopped using birth control methods may experience irregular periods.