Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause genital warts and lead to various cancers.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HPV is the most common STI in the United States, with about 14 million new cases each year. Here are five essential things you need to know about HPV and warts.
1. HPV Is Highly Contagious
HPV spreads through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. You do not have to have symptoms to infect others. In fact, many people with HPV are asymptomatic and don’t know they have the infection.
HPV can pass even when using condoms or dental dams, as these barriers do not cover the entire infected area.
2. HPV Causes Different Types of Warts
HPV can cause different types of warts, including:.
- Genital warts: These warts appear on or around the genitals, anus, or groin area. They can be flat, raised, or cauliflower-shaped.
- Plantar warts: These warts develop on the soles of the feet and can be painful to walk on.
- Common warts: These warts grow on the hands and fingers, and they have a cauliflower-like appearance.
- Flat warts: These warts are flat-topped and small and can grow on the face, arms, and legs.
3. HPV Can Also Cause Cancer
Most HPV infections go away on their own without treatment. However, if the virus persists, it can lead to various cancers, including cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, and oropharyngeal cancers.
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According to the National Cancer Institute, HPV causes almost all cases of cervical cancer and about 90% of anal cancers.
4. HPV Vaccines Can Prevent Infections and Cancers
There are three FDA-approved HPV vaccines: Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix. These vaccines protect against the virus strains that cause most genital warts and HPV-related cancers.
The vaccines are recommended for both boys and girls aged 9 to 26, although they can be given up to age 45 for some individuals. Getting vaccinated before being exposed to HPV is best for maximum protection.
5. Prevention Is Key
Preventing HPV infection is crucial in stopping the spread of warts and cancers. Here are some tips for preventing HPV:.
- Get vaccinated as early as possible
- Use condoms or dental dams correctly and consistently during sexual activity
- Get regular Pap tests or HPV tests if you are at risk for cervical cancer
- Practice good hygiene and avoid sharing personal items like towels, razors, or clothing with someone who has warts
If you notice any bumps, growths, or sores around your genital or anal area, see your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
