One of the most terrifying things for any woman to experience during pregnancy is bleeding. Spotting and light bleeding can be normal, but heavy, continuous, or bright red bleeding may be a sign of a more serious issue.
If you’re experiencing abnormal bleeding during pregnancy, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.
Causes of Abnormal Bleeding During Pregnancy
Abnormal bleeding during pregnancy can be caused by a variety of factors:.
Miscarriage
The most common cause of bleeding during early pregnancy is miscarriage. Up to 25% of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage, and many more end before a woman even knows she’s pregnant.
If you’re experiencing heavy bleeding and cramping, contact your doctor immediately.
Ectopic Pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube. This can cause vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. If left untreated, an ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening.
Placenta Previa
Placenta previa occurs when the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix. This can cause bleeding, particularly in late pregnancy.
If you’re diagnosed with placenta previa, your doctor will monitor you closely and may recommend bed rest or a cesarean section.
Placental Abruption
Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus before the baby is born. This can cause bleeding and can be dangerous for both the mother and baby.
If you experience vaginal bleeding and severe abdominal pain, seek emergency medical attention.
Cervical Changes
During pregnancy, the cervix becomes softer and more sensitive. Sexual activity, a vaginal exam, or other sources of irritation can cause bleeding.
If you’re experiencing bleeding after sex or a vaginal exam, it’s likely that your cervix is simply more sensitive than usual. However, if bleeding continues or is heavy, contact your doctor.
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Other Causes
Other potential causes of bleeding during pregnancy include infections, fibroids, and even cancer. It’s important to see your doctor if you experience any bleeding during pregnancy.
Diagnosing Abnormal Bleeding During Pregnancy
If you’re experiencing abnormal bleeding during pregnancy, your doctor will likely perform a series of tests to determine the cause. These may include:.
Ultrasound
An ultrasound is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of your uterus and baby. This can help your doctor determine if you’re experiencing a miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or other issue.
Blood Tests
Your doctor may perform blood tests to check your hormone levels and to ensure that you’re not experiencing anemia.
Pelvic Exam
Your doctor may perform a pelvic exam to check for cervical changes, infections, or other issues.
What to Do if You’re Experiencing Abnormal Bleeding During Pregnancy
If you’re experiencing abnormal bleeding during pregnancy, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. Here are some steps you can take:.
Contact Your Doctor
Call your doctor or midwife right away if you’re experiencing heavy bleeding, cramping, or abdominal pain. Your doctor may want you to come in for an exam, or may recommend that you go to the emergency room.
Rest
If you’re experiencing abnormal bleeding, your doctor may recommend bed rest. This can help prevent further bleeding and allow your body to heal.
Avoid Sexual Activity
Until your doctor determines the cause of your bleeding, it’s best to avoid sexual activity.
Stay Hydrated
Make sure you’re drinking plenty of water and other fluids to prevent dehydration. Dehydration can worsen bleeding and other pregnancy-related issues.
Conclusion
Abnormal bleeding during pregnancy can be frightening, but it’s important to stay calm and seek medical attention right away. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, many causes of bleeding during pregnancy can be managed and resolved.
Remember to contact your doctor or midwife immediately if you’re experiencing heavy bleeding, cramping, or abdominal pain.
