Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is a common childhood illness that most people suffer from before the age of 10.

However, adults who have not been vaccinated or previously infected with the virus are also susceptible. Although chickenpox is mostly a mild illness, it can cause serious complications in adults, especially those with weakened immune systems.

In this article, we will discuss the risks and dangers of adults with chickenpox and how they can prevent the infection from spreading.

Symptoms of Chickenpox in Adults

The symptoms of chickenpox in adults are similar to those in children. These include:.

• A rash that starts as small red spots and develops into blisters
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle aches

The rash usually appears on the face, chest, and back before spreading to other parts of the body. The blisters can be very itchy and can take up to two weeks to scab over and heal.

In some cases, adults with chickenpox may experience additional symptoms such as:.

• Coughing
• Sore throat
• Shortness of breath
• Joint pain

Risks and Dangers of Adults with Chickenpox

While chickenpox is usually a mild illness, it can cause serious complications in adults.

These complications are more likely to occur in adults with weakened immune systems, such as pregnant women, people with HIV/AIDS, and those undergoing chemotherapy. The risks and dangers of adults with chickenpox include:.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is the most common complication of chickenpox in adults. It occurs when the varicella-zoster virus infects the lungs, causing inflammation and swelling. Symptoms of pneumonia include chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, and fever.

Pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially in adults with weakened immune systems.

Encephalitis

Encephalitis is a rare but serious complication of chickenpox that occurs when the virus infects the brain. Symptoms of encephalitis include headache, fever, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.

Encephalitis can cause permanent brain damage and even death.

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a rare complication of chickenpox that occurs when the virus infects the liver. Symptoms of hepatitis include jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Hepatitis can cause liver failure, which can be life-threatening.

Other Complications

Other complications of chickenpox in adults include bacterial skin infections, sepsis, meningitis, and pericarditis. These complications are more likely to occur in adults with weakened immune systems and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Related Article Why Chickenpox is More Dangerous for Adults

Prevention of Chickenpox in Adults

The best way to prevent chickenpox in adults is to get vaccinated. The varicella vaccine is 90% effective in preventing chickenpox and is recommended for all adults who have not previously been vaccinated or infected with the virus.

Adults who have been vaccinated but still contract the virus usually have a milder case of chickenpox.

If you have been exposed to someone with chickenpox and have not been vaccinated, you can still get vaccinated within 72 hours of exposure to help prevent infection or reduce the severity of the illness.

If you have chickenpox, you can help prevent the infection from spreading by staying home until all of your blisters have crusted over and healed, avoiding contact with pregnant women, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems, and practicing good hygiene (washing your hands frequently, avoiding touching your face, etc.).

Treatment of Chickenpox in Adults

There is no cure for chickenpox, but treatment can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options for chickenpox in adults include:.

Antiviral Medications

Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can help reduce the severity and duration of chickenpox symptoms. These medications work best when started within 24-48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

Pain Relievers

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help relieve fever, muscle aches, and headaches associated with chickenpox.

However, aspirin should not be given to children or adolescents with chickenpox, as it has been linked to a rare but serious condition called Reye’s syndrome.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can help relieve itching associated with chickenpox. However, these medications can cause drowsiness and should be used with caution.

Calamine Lotion

Calamine lotion can help relieve itching associated with chickenpox. It should be applied directly to the skin and allowed to dry before clothing is worn.

Conclusion

Chickenpox is a common viral infection that most people contract during childhood. However, it can also affect adults, especially those with weakened immune systems.

While chickenpox is usually a mild illness, it can cause serious complications in adults, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and hepatitis. The best way to prevent chickenpox in adults is to get vaccinated.

Adults who contract chickenpox should stay home until all of their blisters have crusted over and healed, avoid contact with pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems, and practice good hygiene. Treatment options for chickenpox in adults include antiviral medications, pain relievers, antihistamines, and calamine lotion.