Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and red skin patches. It often starts in childhood, and although it can improve with age, it can also persist into adulthood.

The exact causes of eczema are still unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms of Eczema

Eczema has a variety of symptoms, but itching is the most common and severe. Other symptoms include:.

Red or brownish-gray patches on the skin
Dry and scaly skin that can be thicker than normal
Blisters or pus-filled bumps that can crack and ooze fluid
Sensitivity to certain irritants such as soap, shampoo, and detergents
Sleep problems due to itching

Triggers of Eczema

Identifying the triggers of eczema is important in managing the condition. Some common triggers of eczema include:.

Stress
Dry skin
Sweating
Scratching
Allergies to certain foods, fabrics, or household products
Cold and dry weather
Exposure to harsh chemicals
Microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Strategies for Reducing Itching

Itching is the most common and severe symptom of eczema, and it can cause a lot of discomfort and sleep problems. Here are some strategies for reducing itching:.

1. Use Moisturizers

Keeping the skin moisturized is essential in managing eczema. Dry skin can trigger and worsen eczema symptoms, including itching. Applying moisturizers regularly can help keep the skin hydrated and reduce the risk of dry skin.

Use thick, fragrance-free moisturizers that are specifically formulated for eczema-prone skin.

2. Take Short Baths or Showers

Long baths or showers can strip the skin of its natural oils, making it dry and itchy. Take short baths or showers with lukewarm water instead, and avoid using hot water. Use mild, fragrance-free, and moisturizing soaps and shampoos.

Pat the skin dry with a soft towel and apply moisturizer immediately after bathing or showering.

3. Wear Soft and Breathable Fabrics

Wearing soft and breathable fabrics such as cotton can help reduce itching and irritation. Avoid wearing wool, polyester, and other rough and synthetic fabrics that can irritate the skin.

Wash clothes and bed linens with fragrance-free and mild detergents, and avoid using fabric softeners, which can irritate the skin.

4. Keep Nails Short

Scratching can worsen eczema symptoms and lead to infection. Keep nails short to prevent scratching, and avoid scratching with other objects such as combs or pencils. If scratching is unavoidable, use a clean and cold cloth to relieve itching instead.

5. Apply Cool Compresses

Applying cool compresses to the affected areas can help relieve itching and inflammation. Use a clean and damp cloth or towel, and apply to the affected area for 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat as needed until the itching subsides.

Avoid using hot compresses, which can worsen itching and inflammation.

6. Avoid Triggers

Avoiding triggers is important in managing eczema. Keep a diary of activities and products that trigger eczema, and avoid them as much as possible.

Some common triggers of eczema include stress, allergens, weather changes, and irritants such as perfumes and detergents. Consult with a healthcare professional if you are unsure about the triggers of your eczema.

Conclusion

Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and red skin patches. It can be managed by identifying and avoiding triggers, keeping the skin moisturized, and using cool compresses.

If you are experiencing severe or persistent symptoms of eczema, consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.