As modern life has progressed, so too have the number of allergies that people have. In fact, it is estimated that more than 50 million Americans alone suffer from allergy-related symptoms.

Allergies can range from a small rash or itch to life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Some of the most common allergies include food allergies, pollen allergies, and pet allergies.

What Causes Allergies?

Allergies occur when your body’s immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance called an allergen. Common allergens include pollen, animal dander, dust mites, and certain foods.

When your body comes into contact with an allergen, it produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). This triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals, which cause allergy symptoms.

Types of Allergies

There are many different types of allergies, including:.

Food allergies: These occur when the immune system reacts to a particular food. Common food allergies include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, milk, and eggs.
Pollen allergies: These occur when the immune system reacts to pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds.
Pet allergies: These occur when the immune system reacts to proteins found in an animal’s skin cells, saliva, or urine.
Insect sting allergies: These occur when the immune system reacts to venom from an insect sting.
Drug allergies: These occur when the immune system reacts to a particular medication.

Common Symptoms of Allergies

The symptoms of allergies can vary depending on the allergen and the person’s sensitivity to it. Some common symptoms include:.

Sneezing: A sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the nose and mouth.
Runny or stuffy nose: Swelling and inflammation of the nasal passages, which can cause mucus to build up and make it difficult to breathe.
Itchy, watery eyes: Irritation of the eyes, which can cause them to become red, swollen, and watery.
Rash or hives: Red, itchy bumps or patches on the skin.
Swelling: Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat.
Difficulty breathing: Constriction of the airways, which can cause wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Anaphylaxis: A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause a drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and difficulty breathing.

Preventing Allergies

Preventing allergies can be difficult, but there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk. These include:.

Avoiding allergens: If you know you are allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen or certain foods, try to avoid it as much as possible.
Cleaning: Regularly cleaning your home can help reduce exposure to allergens such as dust mites and pet dander.
Using air filters: Air filters can help remove allergens from the air in your home or workplace.
Taking medication: Over-the-counter or prescription medications can help relieve allergy symptoms.
Getting allergy shots: Allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, can help reduce your sensitivity to allergens over time.

Allergy Myths

There are many myths surrounding allergies that are not based in fact. Some of the most common include:.

Myth: Allergies are not serious, and are just a nuisance.
Fact: Allergies can be very serious, and can even be life-threatening in some cases.
Myth: Allergies only occur in the spring or fall.
Fact: Allergies can occur year-round, and can be triggered by a variety of allergens.
Myth: You can outgrow allergies.
Fact: While some children may outgrow certain allergies, others may continue to have them throughout their lives.
Myth: Allergy tests are not accurate.
Fact: Allergy tests can be very accurate, and can help identify the cause of your allergy symptoms.

The Bottom Line

Allergies are a common and often unpleasant aspect of modern life. They can be caused by a variety of allergens and can range from mild to severe. Although allergies cannot always be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk.

It is important to be aware of the symptoms of allergies, and to seek medical attention if you experience a severe allergic reaction.