Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is caused by a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body.

This infectious disease has been a major public health problem for centuries and continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The symptoms of tuberculosis can vary depending on the severity and location of the infection. In this article, we will provide an overview of the common symptoms of tuberculosis.

Coughing

Coughing is the most common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. The cough may start as a dry cough and then progress to a productive cough with sputum, which can be bloody or purulent. The cough can be persistent and may last for weeks or months.

It is often worse at night and in the morning.

Fever

Fever is another common symptom of tuberculosis. The fever is usually low-grade but can be high-grade in severe cases. The fever may be intermittent or continuous, and it may last for several weeks or months.

It is often accompanied by night sweats and chills.

Night Sweats

Night sweats are often a symptom of active tuberculosis. They can be severe and can cause the patient to wake up drenched in sweat. Night sweats are usually accompanied by fever and chills and can be a sign of a more severe disease.

Chest Pain

Chest pain is a common symptom of tuberculosis, especially when it affects the lungs. The pain is often described as a sharp, stabbing, or burning sensation and is usually felt during coughing or deep breathing.

The chest pain can be severe and can be accompanied by a feeling of tightness or pressure in the chest.

Difficulty Breathing

Difficulty breathing is a symptom of advanced tuberculosis. The patient may feel short of breath, especially during physical activity or at rest. This is due to the damage caused by the infection to the lungs and the inflammation that occurs.

Weight Loss

Weight loss is a common symptom of tuberculosis, especially in cases of advanced disease. The patient may lose a significant amount of weight, often without trying.

This can be due to the loss of appetite, fever, and the body’s response to the infection.

Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom of tuberculosis, especially in cases of advanced disease. The patient may feel tired and weak, even after getting enough rest.

This can be due to the body’s response to the infection and the side effects of the medication used to treat tuberculosis.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Tuberculosis can also cause lymphadenopathy, or swollen lymph nodes. The lymph nodes may be located in the neck, armpits, or groin. The lymph nodes can be painful and tender to the touch and can persist for several weeks or months.

Joint Pain

Tuberculosis can also affect the joints, causing joint pain. The joint pain can be mild or severe and can be accompanied by swelling and stiffness. The joint pain is usually located in the hips and knees but can also affect other joints.

Abdominal Pain

Tuberculosis can also affect the digestive system, causing abdominal pain. The pain can be mild or severe and can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient may also experience loss of appetite and weight loss.