Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. With AS, the vertebrae in the spine can fuse together, causing the spine to become rigid.

The condition can also affect other joints in the body, including the hips, shoulders, and knees. In this guide, we will discuss AS and its various risk factors, as well as how to diagnose and treat the condition.

What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?

AS is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spinal joints. The disease typically begins in the lower back and can spread upward over time.

In addition, it can cause inflammation and pain in other joints, as well as other organs in the body, including the eyes and intestines.

What are the Risk Factors for AS?

The exact cause of AS is not fully understood, but there are several risk factors that have been identified, including:.

Genetics

AS is more common in people who have a family history of the disease. The HLA-B27 gene is a genetic marker that has been linked to AS, though not all people with the gene will develop the condition.

Age and Gender

AS typically affects people in their late teens to early 30s, and is more common in men than in women.

Smoking

Smoking has been linked to a higher risk of developing AS, as well as a more severe form of the disease.

Environment

There may be environmental factors that contribute to the development of AS, though research on this is still ongoing.

Diagnosis of AS

AS can be difficult to diagnose, as early symptoms may be mild or non-specific. However, there are several tests that can help confirm a diagnosis, including:.

Physical Exam and Medical History

A doctor will ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history, as well as perform a physical exam to check for signs of inflammation in the joints.

Blood Tests

Blood tests can help confirm a diagnosis of AS by looking for signs of inflammation in the body, as well as the presence of the HLA-B27 gene.

X-rays and MRI

Imaging tests, such as X-rays and MRI, can help detect changes in the spine and other joints that may indicate AS.

Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis

There is currently no cure for AS, but there are several treatment options that can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include:.

Medications

There are several types of medications that can be used to treat AS, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents.

Physical Therapy

A physical therapist can teach exercises and stretches that can help improve flexibility and reduce pain and inflammation in the joints.

Supportive Devices

Supportive devices, such as braces or orthotics, can help support the spine and other joints affected by AS.

Lifestyle Changes

There are several lifestyle changes that can help manage symptoms of AS, including quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular exercise.