Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.

It is estimated to affect around 1% of the global population, and it most commonly develops in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptom 1: Joint pain

One of the hallmark symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis is joint pain. The pain can vary from mild to severe and is often worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

It typically affects the small joints in the hands and feet, but can also occur in larger joints such as the knees, shoulders, and hips.

Symptom 2: Joint swelling

In addition to pain, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis may experience joint swelling. The affected joints may appear red, warm to the touch, and may feel tender or stiff.

The swelling is caused by inflammation in the joint lining, known as the synovium.

Symptom 3: Joint stiffness

Joint stiffness is another common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. The stiffness is often more pronounced in the morning or after periods of rest and may last for more than 30 minutes.

This can make it difficult to perform daily activities and may improve with gentle movement or exercise.

Symptom 4: Fatigue

Many individuals with rheumatoid arthritis experience fatigue, which is a persistent feeling of physical and mental exhaustion.

The exact cause of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but it may be related to inflammation, pain, sleep disturbances, or psychological factors.

Symptom 5: Loss of appetite and weight loss

Some individuals with rheumatoid arthritis may experience a loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss. This can be due to the systemic inflammation associated with the condition and the increased energy demands of the immune system.

Symptom 6: Morning stiffness

Morning stiffness is a common complaint among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. This stiffness is often present for longer than 30 minutes and can make it difficult to perform simple tasks such as getting out of bed or brushing teeth.

It typically improves with movement and gentle stretching.

Symptom 7: Joint deformity

If left untreated, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint deformity. The chronic inflammation can cause the destruction of cartilage and bone, leading to permanent changes in joint structure and function.

This can result in joint deformities, such as swan-neck deformity in the fingers or hammer toe in the feet.

Symptom 8: Rheumatoid nodules

Rheumatoid nodules are firm lumps that develop under the skin in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. These nodules most commonly occur near joints or pressure points, such as the elbows, knuckles, or heels.

While they are typically painless, they can sometimes become inflamed and tender.

Symptom 9: Eye problems

Rheumatoid arthritis can also affect the eyes, causing dryness, redness, and inflammation. In rare cases, it can lead to more serious complications, such as scleritis or uveitis, which can cause pain, blurry vision, and sensitivity to light.

Regular eye exams are essential for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis to monitor and manage any potential eye problems.

Symptom 10: Fever and flu-like symptoms

During periods of active inflammation, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis may experience fever and flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue, muscle aches, and decreased appetite.

These symptoms are typically temporary and subside as the inflammation resolves.

Conclusion

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Early detection and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can help to manage symptoms, slow down the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life.