The Balkan region has a high incidence of multiple myeloma (MM), a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow.

The disease is more prevalent in this region than in other parts of the world, and it has been a significant public health concern. The Balkan Disease Study Group (BDSG), a collaboration between scientists and clinicians from several Balkan countries, was established to study the causes and potential treatments for MM.

Among the institutions at the forefront of this research is the School of Medicine at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (EKPA).

What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

It arises from genetic mutations in these cells, causing them to multiply uncontrollably and accumulate in bone marrow, leading to the destruction of the bone tissue. The disease can result in bone pain, anemia, and kidney failure, among other complications.

Why MM is more prevalent in the Balkan region?

The reasons behind the high incidence of MM in the Balkan region are not fully understood, but some factors seem to be associated with the disease.

Exposure to environmental toxins, such as herbicides and pesticides, has been suggested as a possible cause. Studies have shown that farmers and other agricultural workers in the region who use these chemicals are at higher risk of developing MM.

Another factor is a high prevalence of genetic mutations among the population in the region, including those associated with MM.

Balkan Disease Study Group:

The Balkan Disease Study Group (BDSG) was established to investigate the causes and potential treatments for MM.

The group brings together scientists and clinicians from several Balkan countries, including Greece, Serbia, Albania, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the aim of exchanging knowledge and expertise and developing joint research projects.

The Role of EKPA in BDSG:

The School of Medicine at EKPA is one of the leading institutions involved in the BDSG.

Researchers at EKPA have been studying MM for many years and have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease’s genetic basis and its treatment. The department of hematology-oncology at the university’s hospital has been conducting clinical trials of new therapies for MM and has developed novel treatment approaches that have improved patients’ outcomes.

Recent Research Findings:

One of the recent studies led by researchers from EKPA and other BDSG members investigated the role of genetic mutations in MM’s development.

The study analyzed genetic data from patients with MM in the Balkan region and identified specific mutations that are associated with more aggressive disease and poorer prognosis. The findings could help identify patients who have a higher risk of developing complications and who, therefore, require more intensive treatment.

Another study conducted by researchers at EKPA and other BDSG institutions evaluated the effectiveness of a new therapy for MM that targets the immune system.

The therapy, called CAR-T cell therapy, involves modifying the patient’s immune cells to attack and destroy cancer cells. The study showed promising results, with some patients achieving complete remission of the disease.

Future Directions:

The BDSG and its member institutions, including EKPA, continue to investigate the causes and potential treatments for MM.

One of the goals is to develop personalized treatment approaches that take into account the genetic makeup of each patient’s tumor. By doing so, clinicians can provide tailored treatments that are more effective and have fewer side effects.

Another area of research is the identification of environmental factors that contribute to MM’s development, which could lead to the development of preventive strategies.

Conclusion:

The high incidence of MM in the Balkan region is a significant public health concern. The BDSG, with EKPA’s contribution and other member institutions, is at the forefront of research on the causes and potential treatments for MM.

The group’s collaborative efforts provide a platform for interdisciplinary research and are advancing our understanding of MM, leading to the development of new therapies and improved patient outcomes.