Bone cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the bones. It occurs when there is an abnormal growth of cells within the bones, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

In this article, we will explore the symptoms of bone cancer and the essential diagnosis tools used to detect and confirm the presence of this condition.

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

The symptoms of bone cancer can vary depending on the location of the tumor and how advanced the cancer is. It is important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive to bone cancer and can also be caused by other non-cancerous conditions.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Persistent pain

One of the most common symptoms of bone cancer is persistent pain in the affected bone. This pain may worsen over time and may not be relieved by rest or over-the-counter pain medications.

It is essential to note any changes in the pattern or intensity of the pain.

Swelling and tenderness

Bone cancer can cause swelling and tenderness in the affected area. The swelling may be accompanied by a lump or mass felt under the skin. It is important to distinguish between normal swelling and swelling caused by trauma or injury.

Weakened bones

Bone cancer can weaken the affected bone, leading to fractures or breaks that occur with minimal trauma or stress. If you experience unexplained fractures or breaks, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

Unexplained weight loss

Weight loss is a common symptom of many types of cancer, including bone cancer. If you are experiencing unexplained weight loss without any significant changes in your diet or exercise routine, it is essential to investigate the underlying cause.

Fatigue and general weakness

Bone cancer can cause fatigue and general weakness, which may interfere with your daily activities. If you notice a significant decline in energy levels or unexplained fatigue, it is important to seek medical attention.

Essential Diagnosis Tools for Bone Cancer

Diagnosing bone cancer involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. These essential diagnosis tools are utilized to detect and confirm the presence of bone cancer:.

Medical history and physical examination

A healthcare professional will begin the diagnosis process by evaluating your medical history and performing a physical examination.

During the examination, they will assess the affected area, check for any lumps or swelling, and evaluate your overall health.

Imaging tests

Imaging tests play a crucial role in diagnosing bone cancer. These tests include:.

X-ray

X-rays can reveal abnormal growths, fractures, or other bone abnormalities that may indicate bone cancer. They provide a useful initial assessment of the affected area.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

An MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the bones and surrounding tissues. It can help determine the location, size, and extent of the tumor.

CT (Computed Tomography) scan

A CT scan combines multiple X-ray images to create cross-sectional images of the bones. It provides a more detailed view of the bone structure and helps evaluate the spread of the cancer.

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan

A PET scan involves injecting a small amount of a radioactive substance into the body. It helps identify areas with increased metabolic activity, which can indicate the presence of cancer cells.

Biopsy

A biopsy is the most definitive test to confirm the presence of bone cancer. It involves removing a small sample of the bone or surrounding tissue for examination under a microscope.

A pathologist analyzes the sample to determine if cancer cells are present and to identify the specific type of bone cancer.

Blood tests

Although blood tests cannot diagnose bone cancer, they help evaluate overall health and detect any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer or other conditions.

These tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests, and alkaline phosphatase levels.