Bone density testing, also known as a bone mineral density (BMD) test or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, is a simple and painless test that measures the strength and density of bones.

This test is used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition that makes bones weak and increases the risk of fractures. It is also used to monitor treatment and assess fracture risk.

Who Should Get Bone Density Testing?

Bone density testing is recommended for:.

Women age 65 and older
Men age 70 and older
Women and men age 50 and older with risk factors for osteoporosis, such as a history of fractures, low body weight, smoking, and family history of osteoporosis
Postmenopausal women or men age 50 and older who have a fragility or low-impact fracture

How Often Should You Get Bone Density Testing?

The frequency of bone density testing depends on the results of the first test and the individual’s risk factors. If the first bone density test shows normal bone density, the test may not need to be repeated for several years.

However, if the test shows low bone density or osteoporosis, the frequency of testing will depend on the severity of the condition.

Generally, if an individual has osteoporosis or is at high risk for fractures, bone density testing may be repeated every 1-2 years to monitor changes and assess the effectiveness of treatment.

Factors That Increase the Risk of Osteoporosis and Fractures

There are several factors that increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, including:.

Age
Female gender
Low body weight or body mass index (BMI)
Smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption
Frequent falls
Sedentary lifestyle
Family history of osteoporosis
Previous fractures
Use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants

How to Improve Bone Health

There are several lifestyle changes that can improve bone health and reduce the risk of fractures:.

Eat a well-balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
Do weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, and dancing
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
Take calcium and vitamin D supplements if recommended by a healthcare provider
Take medications for osteoporosis as prescribed

Conclusion

Bone density testing is an important tool for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk. The frequency of testing depends on the results of the first test and the individual’s risk factors.

Lifestyle changes, such as a well-balanced diet and exercise, can improve bone health and reduce the risk of fractures.