Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, with approximately 1 in 8 women being diagnosed in their lifetime.

Cancer is a disease that can affect anyone, but some factors can increase the risk of developing it, including age, lifestyle, and genetics. For women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, there is a concern about the relationship between breast cancer and pregnancy. Here we will explore the risks of developing breast cancer during pregnancy and who is at the highest risk.

Breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy

It is possible to develop breast cancer during pregnancy, but it can be challenging to diagnose. Due to increased blood flow to the breast tissue during pregnancy, lumps or abnormalities may be dismissed as harmless changes caused by pregnancy.

Additionally, mammograms, the primary tool for detecting breast cancer, are not recommended during pregnancy due to radiation exposure. Instead, ultrasounds and MRIs may be used to screen for breast cancer in pregnant women.

In some cases, women may notice changes in their breasts during pregnancy, such as lumps, nipple discharge, or swelling. These changes should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately to determine if further testing is necessary.

Who is at higher risk of developing breast cancer during pregnancy?

Although all women are at risk of developing breast cancer, certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing it during pregnancy. Here are some of the risk factors:.

Age

Women who are over the age of 35 have a higher risk of developing breast cancer during pregnancy.

Family history of breast cancer

Women who have a first-degree relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer, have a higher risk of developing it themselves, especially if the relative was diagnosed before age 50.

Personal history of breast cancer

Women who have had breast cancer before, regardless of age, have a higher risk of developing it again.

BRCA gene mutations

Women who have inherited mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have a higher risk of developing breast cancer during pregnancy and at a younger age.

Alcohol consumption

Drinking alcohol can increase the risk of developing breast cancer, especially when combined with other risk factors, such as pregnancy.

Being overweight or obese

Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing breast cancer, especially after menopause. However, the relationship between weight and breast cancer during pregnancy is unclear.

Treatment options for breast cancer during pregnancy

If breast cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy, treatment options may be limited due to concerns about the safety of the fetus. However, there are several options available, including:.

Surgery

Surgery is the main treatment option for breast cancer, regardless of pregnancy status. Lumpectomy, which involves removing only the tumor and a surrounding margin of healthy tissue, is typically preferred during pregnancy.

Mastectomy, in which the entire breast is removed, may be necessary in some cases.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. It is typically avoided during the first trimester because of the risk of birth defects, but may be used in later stages of pregnancy.

The timing and dosage of chemotherapy may be adjusted to minimize harm to the fetus.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, is generally avoided during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus. Instead, radiation may be delayed until after delivery.

Conclusion

Breast cancer during pregnancy is a challenging diagnosis, but there are treatment options available.

Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant and have risk factors for breast cancer should be vigilant about changes in their breasts and report any abnormalities to their healthcare provider. Early detection and treatment are critical for the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.