Pulmonary embolism (PE), a potentially life-threatening condition, occurs when a blood clot forms and obstructs the pulmonary artery, which carries blood from the heart to the lungs.

While certain factors like surgery, cancer, or immobilization can increase the risk of PE, recent studies suggest that even some seemingly innocuous daily habits may contribute to a significant rise in the risk of developing this dangerous condition by as much as 40%. In this article, we will explore these habits and how they can impact one’s susceptibility to pulmonary embolism.

Habit 1: Prolonged Sitting

Leading a sedentary lifestyle with prolonged periods of sitting can significantly increase the risk of developing a pulmonary embolism. Sitting for extended durations can cause blood flow to become sluggish, increasing the likelihood of clot formation.

Studies have shown that individuals who sit for more than 10 hours a day have a 40% higher risk of developing a PE compared to those who sit for fewer than four hours.

Habit 2: Lack of Physical Activity

Regular physical activity is not only beneficial for overall health but also plays a vital role in preventing pulmonary embolism. Exercise helps to promote blood circulation, preventing blood clots from forming.

Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle can lead to blood pooling, increasing the likelihood of clotting. Engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise, such as brisk walking or cycling, four to five times a week can significantly reduce the risk of PE.

Habit 3: Smoking

Most people are aware that smoking is detrimental to lung health and increases the risk of respiratory conditions such as cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

However, smoking has also been linked to an increased risk of pulmonary embolism. The chemicals in cigarette smoke not only damage the blood vessels but also increase the likelihood of blood clot formation. Individuals who smoke have a 40% higher risk of developing a PE compared to non-smokers.

Habit 4: Birth Control Pills and Hormone Replacement Therapy

While hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) provide numerous benefits, they come with some potential risks as well.

Estrogen, a hormone present in both birth control pills and HRT, can increase the body’s clotting factors, leading to an elevated risk of pulmonary embolism. Women who use birth control pills or undergo HRT are advised to discuss the potential risks with their healthcare provider and consider alternative options if they have other risk factors for PE.

Habit 5: Obesity

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various health conditions, including pulmonary embolism. Excessive body weight puts additional pressure on the veins in the legs, making blood flow more sluggish and increasing the chances of clot formation.

Studies have shown that individuals with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 have a 40% higher risk of developing a PE compared to those with a healthy BMI.

Habit 6: Prolonged Immobility

Long periods of immobility, such as during prolonged travel or bed rest, can significantly increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. When we are immobile, blood circulation slows down, increasing the likelihood of clot formation.

This is particularly concerning during long flights or road trips, where individuals are unable to move freely for hours at a time. It is essential to take regular breaks, stretch, and move around to promote blood flow and reduce the risk of PE.

Habit 7: Dehydration

Dehydration can impact blood viscosity, making it thicker and more prone to clotting. When the body lacks proper hydration, blood flow becomes sluggish, and blood vessels constrict, increasing the chances of clot formation.

To reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism, it is crucial to stay adequately hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day, especially in hot weather or when engaging in physical activities.

Habit 8: Excessive Alcohol Consumption

While moderate alcohol consumption may have some health benefits, excessive drinking can significantly increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. Alcohol affects blood clotting, making blood more likely to coagulate.

It also weakens the heart muscle, impairs circulation, and leads to dehydration, further contributing to clot formation. It is advisable to consume alcohol in moderation and avoid excessive drinking to mitigate the risk of developing a PE.

Habit 9: Ignoring Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs. If left untreated, DVT can eventually lead to a pulmonary embolism.

Ignoring symptoms of DVT, such as pain, swelling, warmth, or redness in the legs, can increase the risk of clot migration to the lungs. It is essential to seek medical attention promptly if any symptoms of DVT are experienced to prevent pulmonary embolism.

Habit 10: Sedentary Habits during Pregnancy

Pregnancy inherently carries an increased risk of developing blood clots due to hormonal changes and vascular compression. However, the risk can be further heightened by sedentary habits during pregnancy.

Prolonged sitting or bed rest without regular movement can lead to blood pooling and clot formation. Pregnant women are encouraged to engage in safe exercises and avoid prolonged periods of immobilization to reduce the risk of PE.

Conclusion

While pulmonary embolism is a serious condition that can be life-threatening, there are various simple habits that one can adopt to mitigate the risk.

Regular physical activity, avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying well-hydrated are all steps that can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing a pulmonary embolism. Additionally, individuals should be mindful of their immobility periods, particularly during travel or bed rest, and seek medical attention promptly if any symptoms of DVT are experienced.

By being aware of these habits and taking preventive measures, it is possible to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism and lead a healthier life.