When we think of cancer, we often think of the physical and emotional impact it can have on individuals and their loved ones. However, many people do not realize that cancer can also affect the senses, including the sense of smell.

In this article, we will explore how cancer can impact the sense of smell and what options are available for those who are dealing with this lesser-known symptom of the disease.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a group of diseases that occur when cells in the body grow abnormally. These cells can divide rapidly and form tumors that can invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

While there are many different types of cancer, they are all characterized by the abnormal growth of cells.

The Sense of Smell and Cancer

The sense of smell, also known as olfaction, is an important part of our daily lives. It helps us to appreciate the flavours in our food, detect dangerous chemicals and alert us to potential dangers.

However, many people are unaware that cancer can disrupt this sense, leaving them without the ability to smell.

When cancer affects the sense of smell, it is usually due to tumors that develop in the nasal cavity. These tumors can cause a blockage in the nasal passages, making it difficult for air to flow through.

As a result, the olfactory receptors, which are responsible for detecting smells, can become damaged or destroyed.

Types of Cancer that Affect the Sense of Smell

There are several different types of cancer that can affect the sense of smell. The most common types include:.

Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat, behind the nose. This type of cancer can impact the sense of smell since it is located close to the olfactory receptors.

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the nasal cavity. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as nasal congestion, nosebleeds, and headache. This type of cancer can also disrupt the sense of smell.

Esthesioneuroblastoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that line the upper part of the nasal cavity. This type of cancer can affect the sense of smell since it is located close to the olfactory receptors.

Symptoms of Smell Disorders

The symptoms of smell disorders can vary depending on the underlying cause.

In some cases, the person may lose their sense of smell completely, while in others, they may experience a change in their ability to detect certain odours or only be able to detect some odours.

Other symptoms that may be present include:.

Difficulty identifying common smells
Smelling things that aren’t there
Lack of appreciation for foods and beverages
Reduced or complete loss of sense of smell
Increased sensitivity to odours

Diagnosing Cancer that Affects the Sense of Smell

If you are experiencing symptoms of a smell disorder, it is important to see your doctor for an evaluation. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and perform a physical exam, which may include a nasal endoscopy.

If cancer is suspected, your doctor may order additional tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to get a closer look at the nasal cavity and surrounding structures. A biopsy may also be performed to determine if there are any cancerous cells present.

Treatment Options for Cancer that Affects the Sense of Smell

The treatment options for cancer that affects the sense of smell will vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer. Some common treatment options include:.

Surgery

Surgery may be used to remove tumors that are causing a blockage in the nasal passages. In some cases, surgeons may also remove a portion of the olfactory receptors.

This can lead to a permanent loss of sense of smell, but it may be necessary to prevent the spread of cancer.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. It can be given orally or through injection, and it may be used alone or in combination with other treatments.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink or destroy tumors. It may be used alone or in combination with other treatments.

Prognosis

The prognosis for cancer that affects the sense of smell will vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer. However, early detection and treatment can significantly improve the chances of a good outcome.

It is important to discuss your treatment options and outlook with your doctor.

Coping with Smell Disorders

Coping with a loss of sense of smell can be challenging. It can affect your ability to taste food, detect dangerous chemicals and enjoy daily activities. However, there are many resources available to help cope with this symptom of cancer, including:.

Smell training exercises to help regain sense of smell
Use of essential oils and aromatherapy
Alternative options for seasoning foods
Support groups for individuals with smell disorders

Conclusion

Cancer can affect every aspect of a person’s life, including the sense of smell. It is important to take any symptoms of a smell disorder seriously and seek medical attention.

With the appropriate treatment and care, it is possible to manage this symptom and maintain a good quality of life.