Cardiovascular disease and cancer are two of the leading causes of death worldwide.

While the two diseases are often considered separate and distinct health issues, recent research suggests that survivors of cardiovascular disease may be at increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.

The link between cardiovascular disease and cancer

Several studies have found a link between cardiovascular disease and cancer.

One study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that survivors of heart attack or stroke had a higher risk of developing cancer compared to individuals who had not experienced a cardiovascular event.

Another study found that patients with cardiovascular disease were more likely to develop cancer than individuals without cardiovascular disease.

The study also found that patients with a history of heart attack or heart failure were at particularly high risk of developing cancer.

Researchers have also identified potential biological mechanisms that may link cardiovascular disease and cancer.

One possible explanation is that inflammation – a key component of both cardiovascular disease and cancer – may play a role in the development of both diseases. Other studies have suggested that certain genetic factors may contribute to the increased risk of cancer in cardiovascular disease survivors.

Increased risk of specific cancers

While the link between cardiovascular disease and cancer is still being studied, some research has identified specific types of cancer that may be more common in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease. For example:.

Lung cancer

One study found that patients with cardiovascular disease were more likely to develop lung cancer compared to individuals without cardiovascular disease.

The study also found that the risk was particularly high for patients with a history of heart failure or peripheral artery disease.

Breast cancer

Several studies have suggested a link between cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of breast cancer.

One study found that women with a history of heart disease had a 26% increased risk of developing breast cancer compared to women without a history of heart disease. Other studies have also suggested that certain medications used to treat cardiovascular disease – such as beta-blockers – may increase the risk of breast cancer.

Colorectal cancer

Several studies have suggested that individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease may be at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.

One study found that patients with a history of heart disease had a 14% increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to patients without a history of heart disease.

Reducing the risk of cancer in cardiovascular disease survivors

While the link between cardiovascular disease and cancer is still being studied, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of developing cancer. For example:.

Quit smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of developing both diseases.

Eat a healthy diet

A healthy diet – rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins – can help reduce the risk of both cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Maintain a healthy weight

Obesity is a risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help reduce the risk of both diseases.

Stay physically active

Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of both cardiovascular disease and cancer. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise – such as brisk walking – most days of the week.

Conclusion

The link between cardiovascular disease and cancer is still being studied, but recent research suggests that survivors of cardiovascular disease may be at increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.

While the exact mechanisms that contribute to this increased risk are still unclear, individuals can take steps – such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying physically active – to reduce their risk of developing both diseases.