Swollen ankles can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. While a small degree of ankle swelling is natural, excessive swelling can be problematic and indicative of a significant medical issue.

Swelling is often accompanied by sensations of pain and discomfort.

1. Cardiovascular Diseases

Swollen ankles may be a result of heart diseases or a condition called Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). CHF is a condition wherein the heart fails to pump adequate blood to satiate the body’s needs.

This results in fluid build-up that accumulates in the lungs, abdomen, and extremities. Leg swelling is a common symptom of CHF. The ankles, feet and legs can appear swollen or puffy. People with CHF often experience shortness of breath upon exertion too.

2. Kidney Diseases

When the kidneys are unable to eliminate excess fluids from the body, a build-up of fluids can occur, leading to swelling. This swelling is often more severe in the lower extremities such as the ankles, feet, and legs.

Kidney infections, high blood pressure, and diabetes can all be contributing factors to the development of kidney diseases.

3. Venous Insufficiency

Swollen ankles may be a result of venous insufficiency. Venous insufficiency is a condition in which blood flow from the legs to the heart is impaired. This lead to fluid accumulation in the lower extremities.

Swelling in the ankle region is most common in venous insufficiency.

4. Pregnancy

Pregnancy is another reason for swollen ankles. Swelling during pregnancy is often more prominent as the body produces more blood and fluids to support the developing baby. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also cause swelling to occur.

Discomfort and pain during pregnancy can be managed by elevating the legs when sitting or lying down and through the use of compression stockings.

5. Medications

Swelling may be a side effect of certain medications, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, calcium channel blockers and steroids used to treat conditions such as heart disease and high blood pressure.

The swelling is often more prevalent in the lower extremities, including the ankles.

6. Injuries

Injuries such as sprains or fractures can cause ankle swelling too. A strain or sprain will often lead to immediate swelling.

In more serious cases of injury, such as a fracture or break, the ankle may appear swollen after the cast is removed in cases of long-term immobilization. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation can help alleviate the discomfort experienced as a result of an injury and to promote healing.

7. Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a medical condition that causes the accumulation of lymph fluid in the tissues. Swelling generally starts in the lower extremities, such as the ankles, and could potentially spread to other areas of the body.

This swelling can be painful and cause mobility issues if left untreated. Lymphedema often seems to occur after surgery that involves the removal of lymph nodes.

Management of Swollen Ankles

There are several ways to manage swollen ankles. Depending on the severity of the swelling, you may need to take a more targeted approach. Here are some possible methods that you can use:.

1. Rest and Elevation

Resting and elevating the affected foot or leg is one of the easiest ways to reduce pain and swelling. Lie down on the bed, on your back, and place your foot elevated on a pillow. If the swelling is from both the feet, then elevate both feet.

Rest as long as possible, or until the swelling goes away.

2. Compression

Compression stockings are a great way to manage swelling. The tight pressure can help reduce the amount of fluid that accumulates in the ankles. Always use compression stockings as prescribed by a doctor.

Graduated compression stockings are ideal, as they provide more pressure at the ankle and lower leg and less at the top. Never use a constricting band or wrap as it may cut off blood flow.

3. Massage

Massaging the swollen area gently can help promote blood flow and ease the discomfort caused due to swelling. Start massaging from the toes and move up towards the ankle. Additionally, gentle foot exercises may promote circulation and lymphatic flow.

Always be gentle and avoid exerting too much pressure or bending the ankle.

4. Medicines

If the ankle is swollen for extended periods, over-the-counter pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and diuretics may provide relief. However, always seek the advice of a doctor before starting any medicine.

When to see a doctor?

If you have swollen ankles accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, you should seek immediate medical attention.

Pain, redness, or warmth in only one ankle could be a sign of a blood clot, and you need to see a doctor right away. Swelling that persists for long periods of time and doesn’t respond to at-home treatment is also an indication to see a doctor.

Conclusion

Swollen ankles may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. Always take proper care if you experience any sudden, unusual swelling. Specific medical conditions such as CHF, liver disease or kidney disease may cause ankle swelling.

Proper diagnosis is essential to determine the underlying cause of the swelling. In most cases, following the prescribed treatments and self-care routines like elevating the affected leg, using compression stockings, massaging the affected area, and taking a break can help manage and prevent ankle swelling.