Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that affects the cervix, the opening of the uterus. It is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018 alone.

However, there are several effective prevention methods, including routine screenings and vaccinations. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of cervical cancer and its high occurrence rate.

What Causes Cervical Cancer?

The main cause of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that is common in both men and women.

There are over 100 types of HPV, with some types causing genital warts and others leading to the development of cancer. In the case of cervical cancer, the HPV virus causes abnormal cells to form on the surface of the cervix. Over time, these abnormal cells may become cancerous.

Who Is at Risk for Cervical Cancer?

Although any woman can develop cervical cancer, certain factors can increase your risk. These include:.

Having multiple sexual partners
Starting sexual activity at a young age
Having a weakened immune system
Smoking cigarettes
Having a family history of cervical cancer
Not getting regular Pap tests

What Are the Symptoms of Cervical Cancer?

In the early stages, cervical cancer often has no symptoms. This is why it is important to get regular Pap tests, which can detect abnormal cells before they become cancerous. As the cancer progresses, you may experience:.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, including bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause
Pain during sex
Unusual vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain
Urinary problems

How Is Cervical Cancer Diagnosed?

If your doctor suspects you have cervical cancer, they will perform a pelvic exam and may order additional tests, including:.

Pap test – This test screens for abnormal cells on the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor may order further testing.
HPV test – This test screens for the presence of the HPV virus in cells on the cervix.
Colposcopy – During this procedure, your doctor uses a special instrument to examine the cervix and take a tissue sample for testing.
Biopsy – This is a procedure where a small sample of tissue is removed from the cervix and examined under a microscope.

How Is Cervical Cancer Treated?

The treatment for cervical cancer will depend on the stage of the cancer and other factors, such as your age and overall health. Treatment options may include:.

Surgery – This involves removing some or all of the cervix, as well as nearby lymph nodes if the cancer has spread.
Chemotherapy – This treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
Radiation therapy – This treatment uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells.

Preventing Cervical Cancer

There are several methods of preventing cervical cancer:.

Get regular Pap tests – Pap tests can detect abnormal cells on the cervix before they become cancerous. Women should begin getting Pap tests at age 21.
Get the HPV vaccine – The HPV vaccine can prevent infection with the types of HPV that are most likely to cause cervical cancer. The vaccine is recommended for boys and girls ages 11-12, as well as for adults up to age 26.
Practice safe sex – Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce your risk of contracting HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Quit smoking – Smoking is a risk factor for cervical cancer.

Conclusion

Cervical cancer is a serious disease, but it can often be prevented or detected early through routine screenings and vaccinations.

If you experience any symptoms of cervical cancer, such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or pain during sex, see your doctor right away. With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for cervical cancer is generally good.