Cervical pathology is a term used to describe any condition that affects the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

This condition is important for women, especially those in the 21st century, since it can impact their overall reproductive and sexual health. In this article, we will explore the different types of cervical pathology, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

The Types of Cervical Pathology

Cervical pathology can be categorized into two major types, namely benign and malignant. Benign cervical pathology includes conditions that are not cancerous, whereas malignant cervical pathology includes conditions that are cancerous.

Benign Cervical Pathology

The most common benign cervical pathology is cervical dysplasia, which refers to the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix.

This condition is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection that affects a large portion of the population. HPV can cause abnormal cell growth on the cervix, which can lead to cervical dysplasia. Other benign cervical pathology includes cervical polyps, cervical ectropion, and cervicitis.

Malignant Cervical Pathology

Malignant cervical pathology refers to cervical cancer, which is one of the most common types of cancer that affects women. Cervical cancer occurs when the abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control and invade nearby tissues and organs.

It is often caused by HPV and can be prevented with regular screening tests that detect abnormal cells before they turn into cancer.

The Causes of Cervical Pathology

As mentioned earlier, cervical pathology can be caused by HPV. However, there are other risk factors that can increase a woman’s chances of developing cervical pathology. These include:.

Smoking
Having a weakened immune system
Being overweight or obese
Having a family history of cervical cancer
Having a history of sexually transmitted infections

The Symptoms of Cervical Pathology

The symptoms of cervical pathology depend on the type of condition a woman has. Benign cervical pathology, such as cervical polyps and ectropion, may not cause any symptoms at all.

However, cervical dysplasia can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and vaginal discharge. Malignant cervical pathology, or cervical cancer, can cause the following symptoms:.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding (such as bleeding after sex or between periods)
Pelvic pain or discomfort
Pain during sex
Painful urination
Unexplained weight loss

The Treatment Options for Cervical Pathology

The treatment options for cervical pathology depend on the type of condition a woman has. Benign cervical pathology, such as cervical polyps and ectropion, may not require any treatment at all.

However, cervical dysplasia may require treatment to remove the abnormal cells and prevent them from turning into cancer. Treatment options for cervical dysplasia include:.

Laser therapy
Cryosurgery
Electrosurgery
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

Treatment for malignant cervical pathology, or cervical cancer, often involves surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods. The type of treatment a woman receives depends on the stage and location of the cancer.

Conclusion

Cervical pathology is an important issue for women, especially those in the 21st century, since it can impact their overall reproductive and sexual health.

It is important for women to understand the different types of cervical pathology, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Regular screening tests, such as a Pap smear or HPV test, can detect abnormal cells on the cervix before they turn into cancer, and women should talk to their healthcare provider about these tests.