Cervicitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, allergies, irritants, or chemical substances.

Cervicitis can occur in women of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in women under the age of 30.

The symptoms of cervicitis may vary from person to person, and some women may not experience any symptoms at all. However, common signs and symptoms of cervicitis include:.

Abnormal vaginal discharge
Gray or white discharge that may have a foul odor
Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse
Spotting or bleeding between periods
Pelvic pain or discomfort
Urinary frequency or urgency
Dysuria (pain or discomfort during urination)

Causes of Cervicitis

There are several possible causes of cervicitis, including:.

Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, or trichomoniasis are common causes of cervicitis. These infections can be transmitted through sexual contact and can lead to inflammation and irritation of the cervix.
Non-sexually transmitted infections: Other types of infections, such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections, can also cause cervicitis. These infections can occur due to an imbalance of the vaginal flora or overgrowth of certain bacteria or yeast.
Chemical irritants: Certain chemical substances, such as douches, spermicides, or contraceptive gels, can cause irritation and inflammation of the cervix.
Allergic reactions: Some women may develop cervicitis as a result of an allergic reaction to latex condoms, spermicides, or other products used during sexual intercourse.
Cervical injury: Trauma or injury to the cervix, such as from childbirth or a medical procedure, can cause inflammation and lead to cervicitis.

Diagnosis of Cervicitis

If you suspect that you may have cervicitis, it is important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis. During the appointment, your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and sexual activity.

They may also perform a pelvic examination to examine your cervix and collect samples for further testing.

The diagnostic tests commonly used to confirm cervicitis include:.

Swab test: A swab is used to collect samples of cervical discharge, which are then tested for the presence of bacteria, viruses, or other infectious agents.
Pap smear: A Pap smear is a screening test that involves collecting cells from the cervix to check for any abnormalities or signs of cervical cancer.
Biopsy: In some cases, a small tissue sample may be taken from the cervix and sent to a laboratory for further analysis.
STI testing: Depending on your sexual history, your doctor may also recommend testing for sexually transmitted infections to rule out any underlying causes.

Treatment of Cervicitis

The treatment for cervicitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition. If cervicitis is caused by a bacterial infection, your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to clear the infection.

It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if your symptoms improve.

If cervicitis is caused by a sexually transmitted infection, your healthcare provider may also recommend that your sexual partner(s) receive treatment to prevent reinfection.

In addition to medication, there are also self-care measures that can help manage the symptoms of cervicitis, including:.

Avoiding irritants: It is important to avoid using products that can irritate the cervix, such as douches, scented soaps, or vaginal sprays.
Practicing safe sex: Using barrier methods, such as condoms, can help reduce the risk of infections that can cause cervicitis.
Maintaining good genital hygiene: Regularly washing the external genital area with warm water and mild soap can help prevent infections and reduce irritation.
Applying warm compresses: Placing a warm compress on the lower abdomen or pelvic area can help alleviate pelvic pain or discomfort.

Complications of Cervicitis

If left untreated, cervicitis can lead to various complications, including:.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Cervicitis can spread to the upper reproductive organs and cause PID, a serious infection that can lead to infertility or chronic pelvic pain.
Increased risk of STIs: Inflammation of the cervix can make it easier for sexually transmitted infections to enter the bloodstream, increasing the risk of complications.
Preterm labor: In pregnant women, untreated cervicitis can increase the risk of preterm labor and delivery.
Cervical cancer: Although rare, persistent inflammation and irritation of the cervix can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer over time.