CMV infection in newborns has become a dangerous threat, as many infants are born with congenital CMV infection without being diagnosed.
This infection can be transmitted from the mother to the unborn child, leading to permanent damage if not detected and treated early enough. In this article, we will discuss the causes of CMV infection in newborns and the risks involved. We will also explore the measures that can be taken to prevent and treat the infection.
What is CMV Infection?
CMV or Cytomegalovirus is a sexually transmitted virus that is usually harmless in adults. However, when a pregnant woman is infected, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the developing fetus.
When a baby is born with the infection, it is called congenital CMV. This can cause serious health problems and lifelong complications.
Causes of CMV Infection in Newborns
The main cause of congenital CMV is maternal infection during pregnancy. The virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta or during delivery.
Infants can also contract the virus through breast milk or other bodily fluids from an infected person.
Risks of CMV Infection in Newborns
The risks associated with CMV infection in newborns include:.
- Hearing loss
- Vision loss
- Mental retardation
- Cerebral palsy
- Seizures
- Death
It is estimated that one in every 150 infants are born with congenital CMV infection. Of these, approximately 15% will suffer from severe symptoms at birth or as they grow older.
The remaining 85% will remain asymptomatic, but may develop complications later in life.
Symptoms of CMV Infection in Newborns
The symptoms of CMV infection in newborns vary depending on the severity of the infection. Some infants may show no signs of the infection, while others may exhibit the following symptoms:.
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- Low birth weight
- Jaundice
- Petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin)
- Hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the liver and spleen)
- Microcephaly (small head size)
Babies with severe CMV infection may also have bleeding disorders and respiratory problems. They may also suffer from seizures and other neurological problems.
Diagnosing CMV Infection in Newborns
The diagnosis of CMV infection in newborns is usually done through urine or blood tests. These tests can detect the presence of the virus and identify the severity of the infection.
Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI can also be used to detect any abnormalities in the baby’s brain or other organs.
Preventing CMV Infection in Newborns
CMV infection can be prevented through simple hygiene and lifestyle measures. Pregnant women should practice the following:.
- Wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
- Avoid contact with young children who may be infected
- Avoid sharing utensils or toothbrushes with others
- Avoid sharing towels or clothing with others
- Avoid kissing children on the mouth
It is also recommended that pregnant women get tested for CMV infection before they conceive.
If a woman is found to be infected with CMV during pregnancy, she should receive close monitoring and treatment to prevent transmission of the virus to the fetus.
Treating CMV Infection in Newborns
There is currently no cure for CMV infection in newborns. Treatment is usually aimed at managing the symptoms and preventing complications.
Antiviral medications such as ganciclovir and valganciclovir may be prescribed to suppress the virus and reduce the severity of the infection. Babies with severe CMV infection may require hospitalization and intensive care until they stabilize.
Conclusion
CMV infection in newborns is a serious health condition that affects many infants each year. Although there is currently no cure for the infection, it can be prevented through simple hygiene and lifestyle measures.
Pregnant women should take steps to minimize their risk of infection and seek early treatment if they suspect they have been exposed to the virus. With early detection and prompt treatment, the risks associated with CMV infection in newborns can be minimized.
