Being diagnosed with cancer while pregnant can be one of the most challenging experiences for women. It is crucial to understand the risks that come with cancer during this delicate period.

It requires careful management, close collaboration between the healthcare team, and meticulous prenatal monitoring to mitigate the risks involved for both the mother and the fetus.

Types of Cancer that can develop during pregnancy

Several types of cancer can develop during pregnancy, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer. The risk factors that lead to cancer are not fully understood, but there are several things that can increase the risk of cancer.

For instance, it can be due to changes in hormone levels or the changes in the immune system that occur during pregnancy. In addition, there are external factors that can contribute to cancer, like pollution, radiation exposure, and chemical pesticides.

Diagnosis and Management

Following diagnosis with cancer during pregnancy, the healthcare team needs to evaluate the type, severity, and stage of cancer to determine the best treatment option.

The team should comprise of an obstetrician, medical and radiation oncologists, and a pediatrician.

The treatment options available may vary based on the type, stage of cancer, and length of gestation. Some treatments may have serious effects on the fetus, and some may require postponing until the baby is delivered.

For example, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are known to affect the fetus. Therefore, taking a multi-disciplinary approach and considering these treatments’ effects on the baby is essential in managing the condition.

Importance of Prenatal Monitoring

Prenatal monitoring is an essential component of the management plan for cancer while pregnant. It involves regular monitoring of the baby’s development and the mother’s well-being to ensure the safety of both.

Close communication and collaboration between the obstetrician and the oncologist are crucial in making informed decisions to manage the pregnancy and cancer effectively.

Benefits of Prenatal Monitoring

Prenatal monitoring has many benefits, including but not limited to:.

Reducing risks of premature birth
Minimizing the risk of birth defects
Detecting any changes in the baby’s heart rate, growth or amniotic fluid level
Monitoring the mother’s health and providing support during the pregnancy
Identifying any suspicious growths, which may indicate cancer spread

Frequency of Prenatal Monitoring during Cancer Treatment

The frequency of prenatal monitoring may vary depending on the mother’s and child’s health conditions and treatment plan. While undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the obstetrician may recommend weekly or bi-weekly monitoring.

It helps monitor the baby’s growth, amniotic fluid, and overall well-being. In addition, the mother may have regular blood tests and imaging scans, such as MRIs and ultrasounds, to monitor the cancer’s progression.

Risks and Complications

Cancer and its treatment pose several risks and complications to both mother and baby during pregnancy. Some of the complications may include:.

Low birth weight
Preterm birth
Stillbirth
Birth defects
NICU admission
Miscarriage
Increased risk of long-term developmental problems in the baby
Breastfeeding challenges for the mother

Conclusion

When a woman is diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy, careful management, and prenatal monitoring are essential. In this situation, a multidisciplinary team should work to provide the best possible treatment plan.

Prenatal monitoring helps identify any risks and take early measures before they become a severe problem. An early diagnosis, proper management, and close monitoring can reduce the risks and complications of cancer while pregnant.