Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals in different ways. Signs and symptoms may vary among different age groups. Here are some typical warning signs of autism based on age:.
Infancy
In infancy, children with autism typically have delayed developmental milestones, such as not responding to their name, not making eye contact, not following objects visually, and a lack of social smiling.
Toddlerhood
In toddlerhood, children with autism may show a lack of social and emotional reciprocity. They may not engage in games such as peek-a-boo or not seek comfort from caregivers.
Delayed language acquisition or using language in unusual ways, such as echolalia, or repeating the same words or phrases over and over again, may also be observed. Other warning signs include repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping or spinning, and hypersensitivity to certain textures, tastes or sounds.
Pre-schoolers
When a child enters pre-school age, the warning signs may become more pronounced. The child may have difficulty following instructions and understanding social cues.
They may have a narrow focus of interests, and strong resistance to change to their routine or environment. Their language development may continue to be delayed, and they may have difficulty with syntax, vocabulary and grammar.
School Age
At school age, children with autism may have difficulty with social communication. They may have trouble with non-verbal communication, such as understanding facial expressions and body language, and interpreting speech.
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They may also experience difficulty processing and regulating their emotions, leading to outbursts and meltdowns. In some cases, academic performance may be affected due to difficulty focusing on complex tasks and adapting to the learning environment. Children with autism may also exhibit obsessions with certain topics or objects, known as ‘special interests’.
Adolescence
In adolescence, the warning signs of autism may include difficulty with transitioning from one environment or routine to another, and difficulty understanding social norms and expectations.
The adolescent may experience a lack of interest in peer relationships or dating, or an over-enthusiasm for certain subjects, e.g. science or trains. They may exhibit repetitive or ritualistic behaviors, and struggle with social anxiety.
Adulthood
In adulthood, the warning signs may include difficulty with maintaining social relationships, finding and keeping employment, and being independent.
Individuals with autism may experience difficulty with executive functioning, such as organizing tasks and managing time, and attention to detail. They may also experience sensory processing issues, and exhibit sensory seeking behavior, such as rocking or staring at lights.
Conclusion
It is important to note that individuals with autism are unique, and the severity of the condition may vary. Early intervention is critical for children with autism, as it can improve their social, emotional, and communication skills.
While identifying the warning signs of autism is important, it is equally important to avoid stigmatizing individuals with autism, and treat them with respect, empathy, and understanding.
