Blood in the stool, also known as rectal bleeding, is a common symptom that can be caused by a variety of conditions affecting the digestive system.

While it may often be a sign of a minor issue, such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it can also indicate more serious diseases. In this article, we will explore some of the common diseases associated with blood in the stool.

1. Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are enlarged blood vessels in the rectum or anus that can cause bleeding and discomfort. They can be internal or external, and are often caused by straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, or prolonged sitting.

While hemorrhoids can be painful, they are generally not a serious condition and can be managed with lifestyle changes, such as increased fiber intake, and over-the-counter medications.

2. Anal Fissures

Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus that can result in bleeding and pain during bowel movements. They are commonly caused by straining, hard stools, or trauma to the anal area.

Most anal fissures heal on their own within a few weeks with proper self-care measures, including warm sitz baths and the use of topical creams or ointments.

3. Gastrointestinal Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, such as gastroenteritis or food poisoning, can lead to blood in the stool. These infections are usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can result in symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

Most gastrointestinal infections resolve on their own within a few days with rest, hydration, and symptomatic treatment. However, severe cases may require medical intervention.

4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract.

Rectal bleeding is a common symptom of these conditions, along with abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Although there is no cure for IBD, various treatment options, such as medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery, can help manage the symptoms and reduce inflammation.

5. Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a malignant growth that originates in the colon or rectum. It can cause blood in the stool, along with changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss, and weakness.

Related Article Bloody stools: Causes and conditions

Early detection through regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, is crucial for successful treatment and improved survival rates. Treatment options for colorectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.

6. Diverticular Disease

Diverticular disease is a condition characterized by the formation of small pockets or pouches, known as diverticula, in the lining of the colon.

These diverticula can become inflamed or infected, leading to a condition called diverticulitis, which may result in rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Mild cases of diverticulitis can often be treated with dietary modifications and antibiotics, while severe cases may require hospitalization and surgical intervention.

7. Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine. When these ulcers occur in the upper digestive tract, they can cause blood to appear in the stool.

Other symptoms of peptic ulcers may include abdominal pain, acid reflux, bloating, and nausea. Treatment for peptic ulcers typically involves medications to reduce stomach acid production, antibiotics (if caused by H. pylori bacteria), and lifestyle changes.

8. Anal Cancer

Anal cancer is a rare form of cancer that can develop in the tissues of the anus. It may present with symptoms like rectal bleeding, pain or pressure in the anal area, anal itching, or a lump near the anus.

Treatment options for anal cancer typically include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.

9. Intestinal Polyps

Intestinal polyps are small, noncancerous growths that can form on the inside of the colon or rectum. While most polyps do not cause symptoms, larger ones or those with a stalk (known as pedunculated polyps) may lead to rectal bleeding.

In some cases, polyps can progress to colorectal cancer over time. Removal of polyps during a colonoscopy can help prevent the development of cancer.

10. Angiodysplasia

Angiodysplasia refers to abnormal or enlarged blood vessels in the colon or small intestine. These blood vessels are prone to bleeding, leading to the presence of blood in the stool.

Angiodysplasia is more common in older adults and is often associated with other conditions, such as chronic kidney disease and von Willebrand disease. Treatment options for angiodysplasia may include cautery, laser therapy, or medications to promote blood clotting.