Boys can face a range of genital problems that may affect their reproductive health. From birth defects to infections and injuries, these issues can impact male genital organs’ health and function.

Some of the most common genital problems that boys may face include:.

1. Undescended testicles

One of the most common birth defects among boys is undescended testicles. It means that one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum and remain in the abdomen.

Undescended testicles can affect the child’s fertility in the future, and untreated cases can lead to testicular cancer.

2. Hernia

A hernia in boys usually occurs in the groin area when the intestine or abdominal tissue bulges through a weakness in the abdominal wall. This can cause discomfort and pain and may require surgery to repair.

3. Phimosis

Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis is too tight and cannot be retracted over the glans. It can cause trouble urinating and increase the risk of infection, and in severe cases, it may require circumcision surgery.

4. Balanitis

Balanitis refers to inflammation of the head of the penis (glans). It can cause redness, itching, pain, and swelling, as well as discharge and an unpleasant odor. Balanitis can be caused by poor hygiene, infections, or underlying medical conditions.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and good hygiene practices are crucial to prevent it from recurring.

5. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube behind the testicles that stores and carries sperm. It can cause swelling, pain, tenderness, and a lump in the testicles.

Epididymitis can be caused by infections, injuries, or other conditions, and antibiotics are often prescribed to treat it.

6. Varicocele

Varicoceles are enlarged veins that develop inside the scrotum and can cause pain, discomfort, or swelling. It can affect fertility by decreasing sperm count or quality, and in severe cases, it may require surgery to prevent further damage.

7. Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord twists and cuts off blood flow to the testicle. It can cause severe pain, swelling, and nausea, and delay in treatment can lead to loss of the testicle or infertility.

Surgery is required to repair the twisted cord and restore blood flow to the testicle.

8. Peyronie’s disease

Peyronie’s disease refers to the formation of scar tissue or plaque inside the penis, which can cause pain, curvature, and difficulty in maintaining an erection. The cause is unknown, but it’s believed to be due to injury or genetics.

Mild cases may resolve on their own, but severe cases may need surgery for correction.

9. Genital warts

Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and can grow on or around the penis, anus, or scrotum. They can cause itching, pain, and bleeding, and can be spread through sexual contact.

Topical medications, freezing, or surgery may be used to treat genital warts.

10. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

STIs are common genital problems that boys may face if they engage in unprotected sexual activity. These infections can affect the penis, scrotum, anus, and urethra and can cause symptoms like discharge, pain, itching, or swelling.

STIs can lead to long-term consequences such as infertility or increase the risk of HIV transmission. Condom use and regular STI testing are essential for preventing and treating STIs.