Diabetes and sleep have a deep and complex relationship that cannot be ignored.

For those who live with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, a good night’s sleep can be the difference between a well-controlled blood sugar level and a dangerous spike or drop.

While everyone needs quality rest to feel their best, people with diabetes face unique challenges when it comes to getting the right amount of sleep and managing their blood glucose.

Persistent high or low blood sugar levels can affect sleep quality, and disruptions in sleep can, in turn, impact diabetes management.

The Connection Between Diabetes and Sleep Problems

To understand how diabetes can affect sleep, it’s essential to understand the way the body processes glucose. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates blood glucose levels.

However, in people with diabetes, the body either can’t produce insulin or can’t use it effectively.

Some people with diabetes might take insulin injections or use medications to help their bodies process glucose, but even with treatment, blood sugar levels can fluctuate. This can lead to sleep problems and an increased risk of other health issues.

How High Blood Glucose Affects Sleep

When blood glucose levels are too high, the body tries to eliminate the excess sugar by flushing it out through urination. This can lead to frequent bathroom trips that interrupt sleep.

Additionally, high blood glucose levels can cause dehydration, which can also contribute to sleep disturbances.

Another way high blood glucose can affect sleep is by triggering the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine. These hormones can make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep, leading to fragmented sleep and daytime fatigue.

Over time, chronic sleep deprivation can make it harder to manage blood glucose levels, leading to a vicious cycle of poor diabetes control and disrupted sleep.

How Low Blood Glucose Affects Sleep

Low blood glucose levels, also known as hypoglycemia, can also interfere with sleep. If blood sugar levels drop too low during the night, the body can release stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can cause sweating, heart palpitations, and anxiety.

This can make it difficult to sleep and can contribute to a cycle of anxiety and sleep loss.

People with diabetes who take insulin or medications that can cause low blood glucose levels need to be especially vigilant about monitoring their blood sugar before bed.

Eating a snack or adjusting medication doses can help prevent nighttime hypoglycemia and promote restful sleep.

Sleep Disorders and Diabetes

While blood glucose levels are a crucial factor in diabetes and sleep, they’re not the only issue that can impact sleep quality for people with diabetes.

There are several sleep disorders that can be more common in people with diabetes, including:.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

OSA is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep.

People with diabetes are at increased risk of developing OSA, which can disrupt sleep and lead to daytime sleepiness and fatigue.

Nighttime Hypoglycemia

Nighttime hypoglycemia is a common issue for people with type 1 diabetes who use insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia can occur during sleep and cause sleep disturbances and morning headaches. It can also lead to confusion, seizures or coma.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

RLS is a neurological disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them. RLS can lead to difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep, causing daytime fatigue and impaired concentration.

These are only a few of the sleep disorders that are more common in people with diabetes. Additionally, sleep disturbances can also be a side effect of some diabetes medications, like GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Tips for Getting Better Sleep with Diabetes

Managing diabetes and sleep requires a multi-faceted approach that includes good sleep hygiene and blood glucose monitoring. Here are some tips for promoting better sleep:.

: Keep a Consistent Sleep Schedule

Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate your body’s internal clock. Aim to get 7-8 hours of sleep each night.

: Create a Relaxing Environment

Make your bedroom a comfortable and relaxing place to sleep. Keep the room temperature cool, use comfortable bedding, and reduce noise and light as much as possible.

: Practice Good Sleep Hygiene

Avoid stimulants like caffeine and nicotine before bed and limit alcohol intake to moderate amounts. Establish a relaxing bedtime routine, like taking a warm bath or reading before bed, and avoid using screens for at least an hour before sleeping.

: Monitor Your Blood Glucose

Check your blood glucose levels regularly and adjust your treatment plan if necessary based on the results. This can help prevent nighttime hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, lead to a deep sleep and a healthy body.

Conclusion

For people with diabetes, getting quality sleep is a crucial part of managing their health. Diabetes and sleep problems are deeply intertwined, and managing one often requires addressing both.

By taking care of your blood glucose levels and prioritizing good sleep hygiene, you can take an important step towards improving your diabetes control and your overall health.